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Woodland Conservation - Ecosystems

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Presentation on theme: "Woodland Conservation - Ecosystems"— Presentation transcript:

1 Woodland Conservation - Ecosystems
CONSERVING WOODLAND Introducing Ecosystems Paul Ritchie CBiol CSci MRSB Community Learning Coordinator We focus on individual action to achieve the bigger picture Paul Ritchie CBiol CSci MRSB

2 Who’s afraid of –ologies?
…ecology is fun!

3 Woodland Conservation - Ecosystems
Ecology – what is it? Ecology is the study of the relationships of living organisms to each other and their surroundings. Genes Cells Tissues Organs Organisms Populations Communities Ecosystems Paul Ritchie CBiol CSci MRSB

4 Ecology – what approach?
Woodland Conservation - Ecosystems Ecology – what approach? Evolution Habitat Population Community Ecosystem Paul Ritchie CBiol CSci MRSB

5 Ecosystems - natural cycles
Woodland Conservation - Ecosystems Ecosystems - natural cycles Water Carbon Nitrogen Energy Nutrients Paul Ritchie CBiol CSci MRSB

6 Woodland Conservation - Ecosystems
Energy & nutrients Paul Ritchie CBiol CSci MRSB

7 Abiotic factors Geographical – altitude, latitude, aspect & slope
Physical – temperature, light, humidity, space, wind & soil texture Chemical – oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, pH, salinity, minerals & contaminants Natural cycles – water, carbon, nitrogen, energy & nutrients

8 Biotic factors Herbivores (grazing & browsing) Carnivores - predating
Detritivores - bacteria, fungi & mini-beasts (recycling) Population dynamics Succession - age of habitat affects diversity with time for colonisation by rare and specialist species

9 Woodland Conservation - Ecosystems
Trophic levels Paul Ritchie CBiol CSci MRSB

10 Population dynamics Large size, small numbers & few predators
Predator population decrease NEGATIVE FEEDBACK Size Food Increase Food Decrease Predator population increase POSITIVE FEEDBACK Density Small size, large numbers & many predators

11 Factors affecting habitats in UK?
On a broad scale Britain lies in the temperate woodland biome. There are 64 different types of habitat in Britain and Ireland. Q: Can you think of what causes this diversity? As well as climate geology affects both soils and vegetation cover.

12 Climax community (12% of UK)
Wildwood - dominated by trees? Ancient woodland – trees present since 1600 Semi natural woodland – trees coppiced, felled & planted Primary woodland – trees never been cleared or replanted Secondary woodland – natural succession from open habitats Plantation – artificially planted for timber crop, often exotic species

13 Woodland Conservation - Ecosystems
Primary producers… Trees Shrubs Flowers Grasses Sunlight Chlorophyll Water + Carbon dioxide Oxygen + Glucose Paul Ritchie CBiol CSci MRSB

14 Primary consumers Caterpillars Butterflies & bees
Grasshoppers & crickets Slugs & snails Seed-eating birds Rodents Deer Cattle?

15 Secondary consumers Ground beetles Spiders Centipedes Frogs & toads
Insect-eating birds Hedgehogs Fox People & pets?

16 Tertiary consumers Dragonflies Spiders Insect-eating birds Raptors
Owls Grass Snake Badger

17 Detritivores & Decomposers
Fungi Millipedes Slugs & snails Woodlice Beetle larvae ?

18 We use ecology to improve our…
…nature conservation

19 Conservation is about ensuring…
Space Food Water Shelter

20 Our strategy for conservation…
Living Landscapes a strategy for achieving a coherent and resilient ecological network within Surrey for future generations… …making space for nature! Connectivity between habitats & resilience to ecosystems.

21 Connectivity

22 Natural succession

23 Diversity Habitat type Habitat structure Aspect Species Populations
Genetic diversity Management methods

24 Ensure ecological niches

25 Woodland Conservation - Ecosystems
…Summer food web Paul Ritchie CBiol CSci MRSB

26 Woodland Conservation - Ecosystems
…Winter food web Paul Ritchie CBiol CSci MRSB

27 Woodland conservation - old growth
Ancient trees Standing deadwood Fallen deadwood Fungi - symbiotic Fungi – miccorhizal Fungi – decomposers Epiphytic flora & fauna Invertebrates

28 Maintain light & open areas
Rides & glades Scrub edges Meadows Nectar bearing plants Berry producing shrubs Large grazing & browsing herbivores Ponds & streams

29 Woodland Conservation - Ecosystems
Summary… Definition of ecology Ecosystem approach – cycles & webs Energy flow & food chains Trophic levels & populations Woodland food webs Conservation strategy on landscape scale Woodland conservation Paul Ritchie CBiol CSci MRSB

30 Woodland Conservation - Ecosystems
We all have an important role to play in making space for nature in Surrey! Any questions? Paul Ritchie BSc CBiol CSci MRSB Tel: Mob: Surrey Wildlife Trust School Lane Pirbright Woking SURREY GU24 0JN Paul Ritchie CBiol CSci MRSB

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