1. The Crusades

3. 1st Crusade CE
Began because Seljuk Turks took control of the Holy Land-
Prior to the Turks, Christians were allowed to pilgrimage/visit Jerusalem
Pope Urban II (Roman Catholic) asked Byzantine Emperor Alixios I Komnenos (Orthodox Christian) for help
Pope Urban II hoped to reunify the Church under his reign
Pope told crusaders their sins would be forgotten for fighting for Christendom

4. 1st Crusade
Pope Urban’s crusaders left Europe for Jerusalem to met with the “People’s Crusade” leaving from France
They were ambushed and wiped out by the Seljuks
Urban’s army reached Jerusalem as the same time a timber shipment did
They broke through the city wall and were able to take back the city
Pope Urban II died July 29, never knowing his victory

5. 3rd Crusade
Saladin, the sultan of Egypt, recaptured the city of Jerusalem from the Christians
A third Crusade was launched led by Emperor Barbarossa of Germany, King Philip Augustus of France, and King Richard the Lionheart of England.
Richard the Lionheart fought Saladin for several years
In the end he could not conquer Jerusalem, but he did win the right for pilgrims to visit the holy city once again.

7. 4th Crusade CE
Called by Pope Innocent III to retake Jerusalem- currently Muslim territory
Planned to leave from Venice to Egypt
Venetians wanted their ships paid for
Crusaders agreed to recapture Zara for them in return for use of the ships
Pope excommunicated the Crusaders and the Venetians
Historians debate why Crusaders turned to Constantinople on their way to Jerusalem
Put a new king on the throne
Help the Pope gain the territory
Running out of money
They overestimated the Byzantines

8. 4th Crusade
Byzantines put up a hard fight, but eventually the Crusaders broke through
They pillage, raped, and destroyed the Byzantines
One group of crusaders did make it to Jerusalem to fulfill original purpose in April of 1203
Too few knights to truly fight, they helped some Latin states throw off the Muslim domination of their region

9. Bubonic Plague Black Death

10. 1 in 3 Europeans died
Caused economic chaos
Workforce was dying or would not come to work- ones that did come to work wanted to be compensated greatly
Crusades caused the plague to spread drastically

11. Ring around the Rosie
Pockets full of Posey
Ashes to Ashes
We all fall down