1. Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850
California statehood.
Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.
Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:
Personal liberty laws
Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

2. Compromise of 1850

3. 1850 Compromise of 1850 –( by Clay, Webster, Calhoun & S. Douglas)
1) California admitted as free state
2) territories from Mexican war would use popular sovereignty (people decide)
3) Tx. Received $10 million
4) Slave Trade abolished in Wash. D.C.
5) strict fugitive slave law – caused failure of the compromise
* President Taylor dies during Compromise

4. Compromise of 1850

5. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896)
So this is the lady who started the Civil War Abraham Lincoln

6. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
2 million in a decade!

7. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

8. The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]
Nativists.
Anti-Catholics.
Anti-immigrants.
1849  Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

9. 1852 Presidential Election
√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

10. 1852 Election Results

11. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

12. 1854 Kansas- Nebraska Act – by Stephen Douglas
Repealed the Missouri Compromise
Divided territory into 2 states
Use of popular sovereignty to decide if slave or free ( people decide)

13. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854
Northern Whigs.
Northern Democrats.
Free-Soilers.
Know-Nothings.
Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

14. Kansas Civil War over Slavery—precursor to the US Civil War)
“Bleeding Kansas”
Kansas Civil War over Slavery—precursor to the US Civil War)

15. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Pottawatomie Creek
Brown pulled 5 proslavery men out of their beds and hacked off their hands and stab them.

16. “The Crime Against Kansas”
Brooks beat Sumner with his cane almost to death!—Blood shed in Congress over Slavery
Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

17. 1856 Presidential Election
√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

18. 1856 Election Results

19. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

20. 1857 Dred Scott case ( Dred Scott v. Sandford) Supreme Court ruled :
African Americans not citizens but property – could not sue
Congress couldn’t keep slavery out of territories
The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

21. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

22. 1858 Lincoln – Douglas Debates 7 debates over Senate seat in Illinois
Douglas states “ Freeport Doctrine” – sd. People could keep slavery out of territories – costs him support of the South ( later) but he wins Senate seat

23. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine
Popular Sovereignty?

24. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

25. 1859
John Brown’s Raid
An abolitionist – attempted a slave revolt at Harper’s Ferry,Virginia ( federal arsenal)
Put down – Brown hanged
North honored him, South condemned him

26. 1860 Presidential Election
√ Abraham Lincoln Republican
John Bell Constitutional Union
1860 Presidential Election
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

27. Republican Party Platform in 1860
Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.
Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].
No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].
Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].
Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.
Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

28. 1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

29. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

30. 1860
South threatens to secede if Lincoln elected – Lincoln wins but promises not to interfere with slavery where it existed
Dec. - South Carolina secedes

31. 1860

32. Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity
Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing-KY)

33. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860
Step 1: Label all states on your map do not abbreviate
Step 2: Color Northern states blue
Step 3: Color Border states green
Step 4: Color 7 state to secede before Fort Sumter Red
Step 5: Color 4 states to secede after Fort Sumter Yellow
Step 6: Create a key

34. 1861 Formation of the Confederacy
Feb. – 6 more states join S.C. { Ga., Fla.,Ala., La., Miss., Tx.} and they form the Confederate States of America ( CSA)
Elect Jefferson Davis as President

35. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

36. 1861
April – Ft. Sumter ( SC) – South fires on Ft. Sumter – Lincoln calls for volunteers – South sees this as an act of war – 4 more states join the Confederacy { Va, Tenn, Ark, NC}