1. Topic 1. International Organizations: history, types, definitions

2. Topic 1. International Organizations: history, types, definitions
1. General characteristics of contemporary actors in international relations.
2. The origin and historical development of the international organizations.
3. Definition of an international organization, its legal nature . The procedure of creation of the international organization and the termination of its activities.
4. The classification of international organizations. The concept of an international regime.
5. The functions of international organizations.
6. The dichotomy of legal and political nature of international organizations and its importance for the assessment of the role of international organizations in the world today

3. 1. General characteristic of actors in international relations
Mail categories:
Nearly 200 governments
Transnational companies (Shell, Microsoft)
Single-country NGO (Oxfam, UK)
International NGO (Amnesty International)
Transnational criminals (theft, fraud, money laundering,
drugs and human being trafficking, piracy
Terrorist, guerrillas, national liberation movements

4. State as an actor
1. The concept of the state has three meanings – legal person, a political community and a government
2. The countries and governments around the world may be equal in law, but have few political similarities. Many governments control less resources than many transnational actors
3. It cannot be assumed that all country-based political systems are more coherent than global systems, particularly as national loyalties do not match country boundaries.
4. By abandoning the language of states and non –state actors, we can admit the possibility of theorizing about many types of actors in global politics. By distinguishing government from society and nation from the country we can ask whether private groups, companies , and national minorities in each country engage in transnational relations.
Source: Baylis J., Smith S. The Globalization of World Politics/ An Introduction to International Relations. Third Edition. Oxford University Press, 2005

5. TNC as political actors
1. By changing transfer prices TNC can evade taxation or government controls on their international financial transactions.
2. By using triangulation TNC takes governments control on international trade.
3. By moving production from one country to another means individual governments are constrained in regulating and taxing companies.
4. The structure of TNC generates the potential fro intense conflict between governments
5. In some areas of economic policy, governments have lost sovereignty and regulation now has to be exercised at the global level rather than by governments acting independently.
Source: Baylis J., Smith S. The Globalization of World Politics/ An Introduction to International Relations. Third Edition. Oxford University Press, 2005

6. Non-legitimate actors
1. Effective action against transnational criminals by individual governments is difficult for the same reasons as control of TNCs is difficult.
2. Groups using violence to achieve political goals generally do not achieve legitimacy, but in exceptional circumstances they may be recognized as national liberation movements and take part in diplomacy.
3. The transnational activities of criminals and guerrillas shift problems of the domestic policy of countries into the realm of global politics.
4. Terrorism may be particular to individual countries, have transnational aspects, or be carried out by groups in a transnational network, but it is not a single political force.
Source: Baylis J., Smith S. The Globalization of World Politics/ An Introduction to International Relations. Third Edition. Oxford University Press, 2005

7. NGOs as an actor in world politics
1. NGOs can expect to get recognition as NGOs by the UN, the ECOSOC statue provides that the NGOs have a legitimate place in intergovernmental diplomacy.
2. The creation of global economy leads to the globalization of unions, commercial bodies, the professions, and scientists in international NGOs, which participate in the relevant international regimes.
3. Governments can no longer control the flow of information across the borders of the country.
4. NGO through communications can operate transnationally very cheap and simple.
Source: Baylis J., Smith S. The Globalization of World Politics/ An Introduction to International Relations. Third Edition. Oxford University Press, 2005

8. International Organizations as actors
1. IOs are structures for political communication. They are systems that constrain the behaviour of their members.
2. governments for IGOs and transnational actors from international NGOs. In addition governments and transnational actors accord each other equal status by jointly creating hybrid NGOs.
3. IOs are more than the collective will of their members. They have a distinct impact upon other global actors.
Source: Baylis J., Smith S. The Globalization of World Politics/ An Introduction to International Relations. Third Edition. Oxford University Press, 2005

9. 2. The origin and historical development of the international organizations.
World Telegraph Union (1865) and the Universal Postal Union (1874). dichotomy: International governmental (IGOs) and NGOs (INGOs) of the organization The greatest increase in the number of international organizations observed in the post-war years - the reasons?

10. The reasons for IGO and INGO growth
interdependence of the world community  increasing the number of areas covered by international agreements and treaties increasing the number of international contacts of state and non-state institutions, NGOs , the business community in the political, economic, social and cultural sphere  An increasing number of global or transnational , Peace         such as non-proliferation of nuclear weapons ,         International terrorism         distribution of drugs          incurable diseases (AIDS , Ebola virus )

11. Conclusions
Conclusion 1: The national security of the state can not be only be guaranteed by the State or by one organization. Conclusion 2: The concentration of military, economic and political power in the hands of some countries forces others, less strong, to unite for expression and representation of their interests.

12. 3. Definition of an international organization, its legal nature
3. Definition of an international organization, its legal nature . The procedure of creation of the international organization and the termination of its activities.
International organization - the constant association of intergovernmental or non-governmental character , created by an international agreement to help address specified in the agreement international issues. International organizations are characterized by: - The presence of a constituent document; - Permanent or regular nature of the activity ; - Using as the main method of multilateral negotiations and discussion of problems ; - Decisions by vote or consensus; - ( Usually) recommendatory nature of the decisions taken

13. IOs - creation
The order of creation     IOs are subjects of international law The adoption of the charter document (statute , regulations, the Convention)           date of entry into force of the charter document is considered to be the founding date of the organization 2 . Creation , structuring of the organization (main and auxiliary bodies) 3 . Creation of a material base of the organization ( property, funds , archives , etc. ) 4 . The convening of the principal organs of the organization (after the preparation of the following documents)       (draft decision procedure place and procedure of the headquarters , the order of the major organs , conduct meetings)

14. The order of termination
According to the agreement of all member countries Protocol of the dissolution - must sign all the participating countries
Creating a liquidation committee

15. Classification criteria:
4. The classification of international organizations. The concept of an international regime.
Classification criteria:
participation of governments (governmental, non-governmental, hybrid) Geographic criteria (global, regional, sub-regional)
Aims of activities (universal, multi-purpose, specialized)
Area affected by the decisions of questions (general and specific competencies)
the order of entry (open (free entry and exit) and closed (admission is made with the consent of the original founders).

16. 5. The functions of international organizations
Promotion (facilitation) - the organization of international conferences , the collection and analysis of statistical and empirical data, publication and dissemination of statistics and studies , offices and a secretariat for the multilateral and bilateral negotiations. Observation (monitoring) - with the ability to promote the formulation and promulgation of the official point of view of the organization on certain issues , which is a way of creating public opinion Supervision (surveillance) - a strict form of observations relating to the obligation of countries to report on a regular basis and in the prescribed manner, data on its economic situation and listen to advice on the merits of the current economic development.  Regulation (regulation) - supervision , based on coercion countries to implement the recommendations of the international community through the development of relevant international standards and mechanisms for their enforcement .

17. 6. The dichotomy of legal and political nature of international organizations and its importance for the assessment of the role of international organizations in the world today
1. international governmental organizations are a response to the forces of fragmentation and disintegration in world politics:        ethnic conflicts,        poverty,        incurable disease,        uneven economic development, terrorism

18. The role of international organizations in the world today
The core business of international governmental organizations are the ones that only the state can not engage in self
the principle of subsidiarity, the state delegates to institutions created by an international organization authority to address a particular issue
a number of international governmental organizations implemented the principle of supra-nationality, when they are empowered to adopt decisions binding on member states (European Union)

19. The main problems in the activities of IOS and NGOs
institutionalization of activity   funding   decision-making process management, administration, organization