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1) Warm Up! Warm Up What region of the New World does France hold? What about England?
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3-7 France and Britain Clash
The Colonies Grow:
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British – French Rivalry
2) What territory? What area today? British – French Rivalry By strongest powers in World!!! Rivalry trickled down to colonists Growing population in English colonies begins to push up on French territory Hostility increases Brit land companies want in on land in Ohio River Valley French controlled… and not letting them in! Brits move in and set up Fort for fur trade French attack and drive out French set up string of forts along border b/t the 2 2 heading for a showdown
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Native Americans Take Sides
3) Natives support who, why? Both French fur traders and Brit colonists knew Natives could help Side w/ natives would probably win control of NA French have many native allies French want furs; Brits want their land French just have better relationship w/ natives Most powerful group of natives in East! 1st formed in 1570 Iroquois Confederacy Included 5 nations: Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, & Oneida Remained independent… trading w/ both By 1750’s, as Brits began moving up on them… eventually gave trading rights to Brits Reluctantly became ally Swings balance of power toward Brits
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American Colonists Take Action
4) Vocab: Militia 5) Video: Explain Washington’s Situation Bkgd. 1753- Virginia Governor Robert Dinwiddie Sends 21 yr. old land surveyor to Ohio River Valley George Washington Mission: Tell French they were trespassing on Brit soil- demand they leave! French refuse!!! 1754- Dinwiddie makes Washington Lt. Colonel Sends him back w/ militia now! Civilian-trained volunteer army Instructions to build fort where Ohio and Monongahela Rivers meet Present-day Pittsburgh When arrived, found French already building fort there, Fort Duquesne Washington builds small fort near, names Fort Necessity (b/c it was needed) Greatly outnumbered, Washington attacks anyway French quickly defeat and capture them Returned later Washington’s bravery spreads throughout colonies and Europe! Regarded as hero who won’t take crap from French! Washington and Fort Necessity (8:00)
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Albany Plan of Union 6) Why did it fail?
While Washington struggled w/ French… June reps gather in Albany, NY Reps from NE, NY, PA, MD meet to discuss threat of war Find way to defend themselves from French Hoped to persuade Iroquois take side too Adopted plan created by Ben Franklin Albany Plan of Union Called for 1 general gov’t for the colonies Elected legislature would govern Have power to tax, raise troops, and regulate trade Not 1 Colonial Assembly approved the plan Not willing to give up any power w/in own colony 1st attempt at uniting colonies! Ben Franklin- Bohemian Rhapsody (6:00)
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What do you think this “Propaganda Poster” about the Albany plan of Union, is trying to say? What is its’ point? 7) Primary Source!
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Braddock Marches to Duquesne
8) Redcoats, Bluecoats? Braddock Marches to Duquesne 1754- Gov. of Massachusetts declares… “French are on their way to making themselves masters of this continent.” Britain decides its time to stop them June sets out from VA for Fort Duquesne 1400 Brit Army (red-coats) colonial militia (blue-coats) Washington one of his aides Tried to tell Braddock, army’s style not good for forests (rows) Braddock ignores advice Took weeks July 9- natives & French ambush French & natives hiding behind trees bright colored uniforms Brits confused and frightened Panic so great, Brits just run Bitter defeat Braddock killed 1,000+ casualties Washington led survivors back to Virginia
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Britain declares War on France
9) Other name for War, why? Britain declares War on France Fighting in America leads to war in Europe Seven Years’ War Britain and Prussia fight French and allies in Europe Britain fights France in Caribbean, India, and NA 1st years of war in NA were disastrous for Brits French capture Brit forts Natives stage raids on Brit settlements Killed settlers, burned farms & crops, drove many back toward coasts French forces from Canada take Brit forts on Great Lakes
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10) Fort Duq/Pitt are where?
Pitt Takes Charge War efforts improve when… William Pitt becomes Sec. of State and Prime Minister Skilled military planner Oversaw war from London Pitt takes on all the cost for war Colonies pay for nothing But… Ran up huge debt After war ran up colonists’ taxes to pay for it! Didn’t just want ORV, wants it all! Puts Jeffrey Amherst and James Wolfe in command In lead assaults to recapture French forts of Louisbourg, Frontenac, Ontario, then finally Fort Duquesne Renamed it Fort Pitt Battle of Quebec Quebec located high on cliff overlooking St. Lawrence Impossible to attack… …or so they thought… Sept Wolfe finds a way Scouts find poorly guarded path up back of cliff Sneak up it at night and set up for first light Attack at dawn Overwhelm the French and win the crown of New France!
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Treaty of Paris Spain enters on French side just in time to see the end Quebec and Montreal fall signal the end Treaty of Paris signed in 1763 France gives up most of claims in Caribbean, all of Canada, & most of Miss. RV & ORV Spain gives up Florida & Gulf Coast claims west of Miss. River Marks end of France as power in NA Continent now divided b/t England and Spain Colonists happy- pushes French and Spanish further away Natives unsure b/c what now happens to them? 11) Signals end of what…
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Pontiac’s War “If you are French… join us. If you are English, we declare war against you. Let us have your answer.” Brit victory hurts natives too Lost ally Lost trading partner Still traded w/ Brits but… Regarded them as enemies Brits raised prices Unlike France, refused to pay for use of land Worst of all, began spreading out into new land gains Pontiac, Ottawa Chief Near present-day Detroit Believed colonists threatened native way of life Organized alliance b/t the native tribes Attacked Fort Detroit Captured most of forts in & around Great Lakes Killed settles, and raided along border of colonies Raids become known as Pontiac’s War After Brits put stop to raids in July 1766 Pontiac is pardoned and signs peace treaty 12) Explain
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Proclamation of 1763 To prevent more fighting…
13) Why so upset? Proclamation of 1763 To prevent more fighting… King George III draws new line Halts colonial expansion past the Appalachian Mts. Angers many colonists Some already bought land west of the new line Furious that Britain ignored new land claims End of war brought peace for first time in many years but… More trouble is a brewin’… can ya smell it???
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14) Exit Ticket Exit Ticket Explain the result of the war.
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