1. .Net Framework Details
Imran Rashid
CTO at ManiWeber Technologies

2. Outline
.NET Framework Details
.NET Framework Stack
Garbage Collection

3. .NET Framework Details

4. .NET Framework Details
C# was originally released in 2002 by Microsoft as a part of the initial release of the .Net framework
C# is C styled language, that means it shares syntax with C and its other derived languages such as C++, Java, JavaScript and even PHP
C# is most directly derived from Java
C# borrows most of Java syntax but has some significant differences in its keywords, data types & in many other new aspects
C# also borrows many features from C++

5. .Net Framework Details Characteristics of C# C# and the .NET Framework
Strongly typed language
Object oriented (everything is an object even numbers)
Support multiple programming paradigms (styles)
C# and the .NET Framework
Supports C#, Visual Basic .NET, JScript .NET, others
The .NET framework is at the core of such programming environments or architectures as:
ASP .NET (web)
Windows Forms
Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) for desktop
WinRT (for windows 8)

6. .NET Framework Details Windows Runtime C# Versions
WinRT is introduced with Windows 8 (newer framework)
Worked as platform for Windows store apps
Supports C#, Visual Basic .NET, C++, JavaScript
Windows Phone currently uses Window Phone Runtime
C# Versions

7. .NET Framework Stack

8. .NET Framework Stack
The .NET framework provides a universal platform that lets Microsoft developers program in the same way
With the same languages regardless of whether they are working for the web, desktop or mobile
It includes an intensive class library known as the Framework Class Library (FCL) provides core capabilities:
UI Management
Data Access
Security & Cryptography
There are also class libraries available for particular types of applications e.g. on web you might need sockets etc.

9. .NET Framework Stack Managed Code Environment
C# runs on managed code environment
C# code is compiled to bytecode
Bytecode is a format that can be interpreted and executed on multiple Operating Systems
Bytecode is executed by a layer called Common Language Runtime (CLR)
A virtual machine
Provides
Machine Level Security
OS Level Security
Memory Management
And More…

10. .NET Framework Stack The .NET Stack C# C++ VB JScript F# ASP.NET WPF
WinForms
Others
Common Language Specification
Application Class Libraries and Services
Base Class Library
Common Language Runtime
Operating System

11. Garbage Collection

12. Garbage Collection Native vs. Managed Languages
Native languages are compiled to machine code
This is the code which is unique to a particular OS
Only executed in the environment in which it is compiled
Distinct compilers are required for each OS
Common native languages: C, C++, Objective-C
Managed languages are compiled to intermediate format
Typically are cross-OS compatible e.g. C#, Java
C# is compiled to bytecode, not machine language
Bytecode is executed on runtime by CLR
So no need to re-compile the code

13. Garbage Collection Allocating Memory (GC)
Memory is allocated dynamically at runtime
Usually don’t have to explicitly allocate the memory
CLR periodically checks memory heap
If it runs out of memory the Garbage Collector kicks in
Looks for unreferenced objects and releases resources
Released resources like memory is used for new objects
This constant cycle is going on during program execution

14. Garbage Collection Lifetime of an Object
Object obj;  Variable is declared
obj = new Object();  Object is instantiated
obj = null;  Object is de-referenced
When no variables are referencing an object, it’s eligible for garbage collection

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