2. Get Ready to take notes... Title: The Origin of Rome Date: 8/15/16
Look for this at the beginning of every notes and fill out your paper.

3. The Origin of Rome We don’t actually know very much.
No written record from that time period.
Why is this a problem for historians?
Myth: idea or story that many people believe but which is not true
Legend: a traditional story sometimes popularly regarded as historical but unauthenticated.
What is the difference?

4. What the Romans believed about their city...
“The founding of the city is mostly legend... For years Rome had admired the Hellenistic culture of the Greeks, and so it easily embraced the story of Aeneas and the founding of Rome as penned by Roman author Virgil in his heroic saga The Aeneid...This mythical tale is about Aeneas and his followers who, with the assistance of the goddess Venus, escaped the city of Troy as it fell to the Greeks in the Trojan War….Aeneas eventually made his way to Italy and Latium, finally fulfilling his destiny. His descendants were the twins Romulus and Remus - the illegitimate sons of Mars, the god of war...Rescued from drowning by a she-wolf and raised by a shepherd, Romulus eventually defeated his brother in battle and founded the city of Rome, becoming its first king. So the legend goes.”

5. What are possible facts from that story?
There may have been two brothers named Romulus and Remus.
They could have fought over the founding of the city; location, name, power, etc.
Romulus won the fight, killing his brother.
He founded a city (small village)
and named it Rome. 753 BC.

6. Create Your Own Origin Story
You are going to write your own origin story similar to
the picture book we read about Romulus and Remus.
Should Include:
Elements of truth
Can exaggerate.
Can include things that are supernatural or magical.
Requirements:
Length: Minimum ½ page. Maximum 1 page. (lined paper)
Be creative
Include some real elements.
*we are going to use this next class. Make sure others can read it.

7. Example: “A Teacher Rises”
There once was a young girl who wandered through life unsure what road she should take. A kind, old tree said that she should follow the path of her kin and become a teacher of the young. Rebellious and independent, the girl wanted to distance herself from the legacy of her family. She sought out wisdom from a den of coyotes where she attempted to learn the art of science and medicine, but she continued to be unhappy and lost. One afternoon when walking with a friend, who also came to learn from the coyotes, she was able to help her friend understand some challenging concepts that the coyotes had taught her. It was then that she realized that the kind, old tree was much more clever than she realized. The tree had seen her ability to teach from the beginning. However, she needed to go down multiple wrong roads in order to make her commitment to teaching solid and firm.

8. Get Ready to take notes... Title: From a Monarchy to a Republic Date:
8/19/16

9. Why did they leave the monarchy?
Answer: Sometimes kings can be crazy evil.
People tend not to like that.
Tarquinius Superbus (the proud)
Last king of Rome.
Killed father-in-law to gain the throne.
People of Rome drove him and his family out because they were so evil.
He tried to get an Etruscan army to help him regain the throne.
He failed.
Kings/monarchy was no longer welcome in Rome.

10. The New Government...A Republic?
Republic – government of elected representatives of the people with no monarch. Not all of Rome’s officials were elected, so it’s technically not a Republic
Classes within this society
Patricians:
“elite families or aristocracy who made up the members of the Roman Senate”
Plebeians:
“general body of Roman citizens distinct from the privileged aristocracy who made
up the assemblies”

11. Sources http://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Republic/
“Rome: Transition from Republic to Empire” by Paul A. Bishop

12. Get Ready to take notes... Title: Transition to an Empire Date:
8/25/16

13. 1. The Poor are Unhappy with the Elites 2nd Cen. BC
Gracchi Brothers (Gaius and Tiberius)
Wanted to help the poor.
Redistribute land to more people.
There use to be a law that restricted the amount of land one person could own.
Both brothers were murdered for their views.
Rome was not fearing outside invasion.
Warring within itself.

14. 2. Loyalties Shift from the State to People ≅100 BC
Gaius Marius
Needed more soldiers for his army
The military was usually restricted to the wealthy
needed to have land and pay for their own equipment
He allowed poor soldiers to enlist in army
He offered them a salary, equipment, and land when they retired, so they were loyal to him not Rome

15. 3. Using Loyalty to Conquer Your Own Country… 88 BC
Sulla
Wanted power and prestige.
Was not given the command he wanted.
Troops were loyal to him alone.
Marched his troops into the city and killed all his political rivals
“Now a precedent was set, if you didn't get your way, you marched your loyal army into Rome, killed your enemies and installed your friends to high places. Sulla was the first to use this tactic, but he wouldn't be the last. The Roman Republic was falling apart. Soldiers were now loyal to their commanders and not the country.”

16. 5. Julius Caesar Ends the Republic...kind of. 60 BC-44 BC
The First Triumvirate 60 BC
Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar formed a personal alliance
Wealthy with loyal troops
The government was powerless against them
Uneasy alliance. Not lots of trust between them

17. Crassus dies in Asia fighting the Parthians (53 BC) 1st Triumvirate
Now the Senate backs Pompey
Caesar ordered to return to Rome from Gaul

18. Julius Caesar returns to Rome and is elected Dictator for life.
Caesar crosses the Rubicon with his army invading his own city (like Sullah)
Pompey flees to Greece, Caesar follows, Pompey goes to Egypt, is killed by Ptolemy XIII.
Julius Caesar returns to Rome and is elected Dictator for life.

19. The Senate does not like how much power Caesar has.
Senators assassinate him on March 15, 44 BC
Senators think it will go back to being a republic, but Octavian takes control and is a strong leader, able to hold power.
The Republic as it was is dead.