1. Research

2. Surveys Population- certain similar characteristics
Sample- limited # of people
Representative sample- accurate
Gathering Info
Questionnaire
Interview
Close/Open Ended Questions

3. Secondary Analysis & Field Research
Pre Collected Data
Gov’t reports, business records…
Field Research
Natural settings
Case Studies- thorough investigation
Participant Observation- researcher enters group
Genie “The Wild Child”
Anna- 5 years in small room
Isabelle- deaf mother

4. Causation Events occur for a reason
Multiple causation- several factors combined
Correlation or Causation?
Time when smoking rate was increasing and life expectancy was increasing.
Smoking didn’t cause LE to rise. Improved Health Care

5. Variables & Correlations
Characteristics: age, sex, edu….
Quantitative Var- numerical values (literacy rates)
Qualitative Var- membership in
category (sex, age)
Independent Var- characteristics cause something to change: studying
Dependent Var- characteristics that reflect change: grades
Intervening Var- change relationship of independent and dependent variables: tutoring

6. Variables & Correlations
Correlation measures relationships between variables
Positive: study time rises/grade rises
Negative: tv time rises/grade lowers

7. Variables & Correlations
Standards of Correlation
2 variables must be correlated: less church=more delinquency
Other factors: old age = less church and then delinquency
Spurious Correlation- factors change end result- old age
Change in Ind Var must happen before change in dependent var.
Do people quit church before of after becoming delinquent?

8. Secondary Analysis
Emile Durkheim “Suicide”
Read pg 56-57