1. Early Scientists’ Contributions (The dead guys you need to know!) And...
The Cell Theory

2. Remember Water???
We already learned about several of water’s unique properties
Polarity
Adhesion
Cohesion
Surface Tension
Because of these properties, water “mounds-up” and is able to magnify whatever image is beneath it!

3. Let's Talk Microscopes... What does Magnify mean?
- To increase the size
What do you know about Microscopes?
Do you know what a Compound Light Microscope is?

4. Simple Lenses

5. Anton van Leeuwonhoek
Created the First Compound
Microscope

6. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek A tradesman from Holland.
Sold and Traded Drapery!
First to discover Bacteria
Considered the Father of Microbiology
Microbiology means the study of small life
He created the first compound microscope which allowed people to see “organisms” never before seen!
He called them “animacules”
An “organism” is a living thing!

7. Microscopes THEN

8. And Now…

9. Electron Microscopes Use electrons, not light, to view specimens
Advantages
Nanoscale imaging! (This means it can magnify the teeny-weeny stuff and show it on a computer screen for all to view!)
Disadvantages
Super expensive
Specimens must be viewed in a vacuum… which means, specimens must be DEAD!

10. Electron Microscopes…
A dust mite
A spider

12. Pure Cane Sugar
Maggot
Ant
Bed Bug
Virus

17. 10 award winning photos

18. Cork Cells
Blood Cells

19. Robert Hooke Coined the term “cell”
Viewed cork cells under the lens...

20. What IS a cell, anyway?
A cell is the structural and functional unit of ALL organisms
It is the smallest unit of life
Often called the building block of life
Each cell is actually ALIVE!
Some organisms are unicellular
What does THAT mean???? _________________
Some are multicellular

21. Schleiden & Schwann
Schleiden and Schwann came up with the theory that all plant life (Schleiden) and animal life (Schwann) are composed of cells, that these cells were made from cells and that they end up making more cells...

22. Cell Theory
The cell is the basic unit of structure & function of all living things.
All living things (organisms) are made of cells.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Francesco Redi started this line of thought!
Schleiden and Schwann helped it along...
Life doesn’t just “appear” out of thin air!

23. Two Main “Types” of Cells
Plant Cells
Animal Cells

24. Two Main “Groups” There are two main “groups” of cells - Prokaryote
(Pro=No…...No organelles!)
You’ll learn about those soon enough!
- Eukaryote
(You=Eu and Eu=Nu… You are a eukaryote because you are made of cells with organelles and a nucleus!)

25. Prokaryote Cells No organelles. No nucleus.
Always unicellular organisms.
Examples: bacteria

26. Eukaryotic Cells Have organelles. Have a nucleus.
Can be unicellular or multicellular.
Unicellular:
Yeast
Multicellular:
Plants and animals

27. Questions...
Who created the first compound microscope?__________________
Who coined the term “cell”? _________________
Who started the idea that cells (life) must come from existing cells (life)? ___________________________

28. More Questions...
What are the two “types” of cells? __________________________ __________________________
What are the two main “groups” of cells? __________________________ __________________________
What are WE? __________________________

29. Parts of the Microscope
There are a few parts of the Compound Light Microscope which you will NEED to know!

30. Coarse adjustment knob
Eyepiece Ocular Lens
Nosepiece
Body Tube
Objective Lenses (3)
Arm
Diaphragm
Coarse adjustment knob
Stage with Stage clips
Light Source
Fine adjustment knob
Base 30 30

31. Nosepiece
Body Tube
Arm
Light Source
Stage with Stage clips
Base 31

32. Our objective lenses are 4x so... _______
The total power of Magnification
To calculate the power of magnification, multiply the power of the ocular lens by the power of the objective.
What are the total powers of magnification for each of the objectives we have on our microscopes?
Our objective lenses are 4x so... _______
10x so... _________
40x so... _________ 32

33. You do not need to use the stage clips when viewing wet-mount slides!
How to make a wet-mount slide …
1 – Get a clean slide and coverslip.
2 – Place ONE drop of water in the middle of the slide. Don’t use too much or the water will run off the edge and make a mess!
3 – Place the edge of the cover slip on one side of the water drop.
4 – Slowly lower the cover slip, at an angle, on top of the drop.
Cover Slip
Lower slowly
You do not need to use the stage clips when viewing wet-mount slides!
5 – Place the slide on the stage and view it first with the red-banded objective. Once you see the image, you can rotate the nosepiece to view the slide with the different objectives. 33