1. PAPER 2: Challenges in the human environment
SECTION B: The Changing Economic World 1

2. Changing Economic World
I can classify parts of the world according to quality of life and economic development.
What is development?
Progress of a country.
Economic growth (amount of money)
Quality of life (technology and human welfare)

3. Changing Economic World
economic and social measures of development.
How do you measure development?

4. Changing Economic World
limitations of economic and social measures.
Human Development Index – best measure as ensures money spent on the right thing.

5. Changing Economic World
Demographic Transition Model (DTM) links to a countries level of development.

6. Changing Economic World
I can outline the factors which may create uneven development (physical, economic, social))
Corrupt Government: Money not used for schools and education.
Trade: Sell cheap raw materials and make little money.
Not involved in trade deals.
Colonial Rule: Taken over by other countries in the past who used their resources then left them.
War: Spend money on fighting/ schools closed/ no trade.
Hot/ Dry Climate: Can’t grow crops to sell. People remain subsistence farmers.
Natural Hazards: Cost money to repair from so not making own money. People killed and less workers.

7. Changing Economic World
I can explain the consequences of uneven development e.g. disparity and migration.
Uneven development can affect the health and wealth of people, and this in turn can affect international migration.

8. Changing Economic World
I can outline strategies that have been used to reduce the development gap. E.g. Debt relief, aid and investment.
Aid is when a country or non-governmental organisation (NGO) such as Oxfam donates resources to another country to help it develop or improve peoples lives. It can take many forms.
Fair Trade:
More money goes to farmer so can afford health and education.
NGO Charities:
Water aid build technology likes wells and toilets that mean they are healthier and can go to work or school.
Micro finance:
Loans for people to start a business.
FDI:
Investment from rich to poor. E.g China to Nigeria to build airports and roads.
Debt Reduction:
USA reduced £13 million of debt if keep trees up.

9. Changing Economic World
I can describe an example of how tourism in a LIC/NEE can reduce the development gap.
Hot summers and mild warm winters
Close to Europe (short haul destination)
Tourist Attractions
Positive:
More Tertiary Jobs
Increased income  improved diet & health  higher life expectancy
Increased income  improved education  literacy rates increased 66%- 79% since 1995.
Tourism has exposed Tunisia to other cultures  greater equality for women.
Negative:
Thomas Cook less profits locally
 some terrorists do not like that women have greater equality
European governments think Tunisia unsafe  less foreign investment  less development

10. Changing Economic World
I can describe how Nigeria has been impacted by its location.
Location:
West Africa
Atlantic
Importance
Main financial center in West Africa
Major international seaport and airport
Center for trade and commerce in Nigeria

11. Changing Economic World
I can describe how Nigeria has been impacted by the wider political, social, cultural and environmental context within which the country is placed.
British Empire rule
Independence
Civil War
Military rule
Terrorism
China invests
Build roads
Build airports
Build runways
Sell oil
Natural supply of oil
Hot and wet climate

12. Changing Economic World
I can describe Nigeria’s changing industrial structure.

13. Changing Economic World
I can describe advantages TNC’s to a host country.

14. Changing Economic World
I can describe disadvantages TNC’s to a host country.

15. Changing Economic World
I can describe advantages and disadvantages TNC’s to a host country.
Positives:
Creation of jobs, Shell created jobs in Nigeria
Provide higher wages
Create international links so access to world markets.
Shell oil is piped to Europe and the USA
Shell invests in microfinance projects facilitating new small businesses
Negatives:
Profits are taken back to other countries
Shell is based in Europe and the USA, and so profits taken back there
Depleting natural resources and damaging the environment
Bodo 2000 hectares of Mangroves destroyed by Shell Oil leak.
Fishing industry in Bodo shut down due to contaminated water  poverty
TNC’s can withdraw at any time
TNC’s are powerful and so can influence governments

16. Changing Economic World
I can describe an example of how modern industrial development can be more environmentally sustainable.
Nissan Leaf
Less fossil fuels
Less pollution/ less co2
Resources not going to run out
Less water/ energy used in production

17. Changing Economic World
I can outline improvements and new developments in road and rail infrastructure, port and airport capacity.
HS2 (High Speed Two)
Fast rail links between North and South
Manchester and London
Heathrow extra run way
More people and business coming into UK
Cross rail
London
Improve commuting into London
London Gateway Docks for Cargo ships
Smart Motorways – control speed to keep traffic moving

18. Changing Economic World
I can describe and explain the effect the North-South Divide and how to reduce these differences.
North:
Secondary Jobs
Deindustrialisation
Left on benefits
Low wages
Poor education
South:
Tertiary/ Quaternary jobs
High Paid
Headquarters
London 30% of UK GDP

19. Changing Economic World
I can describe and explain the effect the North-South Divide and how to reduce these differences.

20. Changing Economic World
I can describe the place of the UK in the wider world links through trade, culture, transport, and electronic, e.g. political and economic connections.