1. Resolution of Microscope
In microscopy, the term 'resolution' is used to describe the ability of a microscope to distinguish detail. In other words, this is the minimum distance at which two distinct points of a specimen can still be seen - either by the observer or the microscope camera - as separate entities.

2. Resolution of Microscope
Resolution. The resolution of an optical microscope is defined as the shortest distance between two points on a specimen that can still be distinguished by the observer or camera system as separate entities. The resolution of an optical microscope is defined as the shortest distance between two points on a specimen that can still be distinguished by the observer or camera system as separate entities.

4. Maximum resolution achievable by light microscope
The maximum magnification of light microscopes is usually ×1500, and their maximum resolution is 200nm, due to the wavelength of light. An advantage of the light microscope is that it can be used to view a variety of samples, including whole living organisms or sections of larger plants and animals.

5. What is the resolution limit of an Electron Microscope
A scanning transmission electron microscope has achieved better than 50 pm resolution in annular dark-field imaging mode and magnifications of up to about 10,000,000x whereas most light microscopes are limited by diffraction to about 200 nm resolution and useful magnifications below 2000x.

6. How do you improve the resolution of alight microscope
The range in nanometers of the wavelength of the visible light is from 380nm to 750nm. Another method of improving microscope resolution is to increase the refractive index between the objective lens and the specimen. ... As light slows down the wavelength gets shorter and yields better resolution.

7. Why does shorter wavelength result in better resolution
The wavelength of light is an important factor in the resolution of a microscope.Shorter wavelengths yield higher resolution. The greatest resolving power in optical microscopy requires near-ultraviolet light, the shortest effective visible imaging wavelength.

8. What is the smallest thing that can be seen by the light microscope.
Light microscopes let us look at objects as long as a millimetre (10-3 m) and assmall as 0.2 micrometres (0.2 thousands of a millimetre or 2 x 10-7 m), whereas the most powerful electron microscopes allow us to see objects as small as an atom (about one ten-millionth of a millimetre or 1 angstrom or 10-10 m).

9. How can be increase Resolving power of a microscope
Resolving Power of Microscope:
sin θ must be large. To achieve this, the objective lens is kept as close to the specimen as possible.
A higher refractive index (n) medium must be used. Oil immersion microscopes use oil to increase the refractive index. ...
Decreasing the wavelength by using X-rays and gamma rays.

10. How does higher magnification affect resolution
A simple answer is that resolution of an optical system is its ability to separate two closely spaced objects. Resolution In general as the magnification increases theresolution increases, however, this much more complicated than it seems.

11. How do you calculate Resolving power
Resolving Power. The resolving power of an objective lens is measured by its ability to differentiate two lines or points in an object. The greater the resolving power, the smaller the minimum distance between two lines or points that can still be distinguished. The larger the N.A., the higher the resolving power.

12. Is magnification more important than resolution?
While bigger is often better, magnification can be meaningless if the necessaryresolution is lacking as Jackson once again demonstrates. ... So, resolution is the ability of a system to define detail, and this becomes increasingly important themore you magnify something

13. What is angle of resolution?
Angular resolution or spatial resolution describes the ability of any image-forming device such as an optical or radio telescope, a microscope, a camera, or an eye, to distinguish small details of an object, thereby making it a major determinant of imageresolution.

14. Mathematical Calculation of Resolving Power
Resolving Power. The resolving power of an objective lens is measured by its ability to differentiate two lines or points in an object. The greater theresolving power, the smaller the minimum distance between two lines or points that can still be distinguished. The larger the N.A., the higher theresolving power.

21. What is a lens aberration?
Chromatic aberration, also known as “color fringing” or “purple fringing”, is a common optical problem that occurs when a lens is either unable to bring all wavelengths of color to the same focal plane, and/or when wavelengths of color are focused at different positions in the focal plane.

22. How does the spherical aberration occur?
Spherical aberration is an optical effect observed in an optical device (lens, mirror, etc.) that occurs due to the increased refraction of light rays when they strike a lens or a reflection of light rays when they strike a mirror near its edge, in comparison with those that strike nearer the centre.

23. What is the difference between spherical and chromatic aberration?
Originally Answered: What is the difference between spherical and chromatic aberration? A spherical lens is one which has a surface shape such as if one cut a slice from a glass (or plastic, or other lens material) sphere. ... In the same way, lenses focus some wavelengths closer and others further.

24. How can we reduce the spherical aberration?
The simplest method of reducing spherical aberration is to place an aperture, hole or "stop", in front of or after the lens. The aperture blocks out rays that blur the image. ... The objective lens is at the bottom.

25. How do you correct the chromatic aberration.
In the earliest uses of lenses, chromatic aberration was reduced by increasing the focal length of the lens where possible. ... It can be further minimized by using an achromatic lens or achromat, in which materials with differing dispersion are assembled together to form a compound lens.

26. Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser confocal scanning microscopy(LCSM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation Capturing multiple two-dimensional images at different depths in a sample enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional structures (a process known as optical sectioning) within an object. This technique is used extensively in the scientific and industrial communities and typical applications are in life sciences,semiconductor inspection and materials science.
Light travels through the sample under a conventional microscope as far into the specimen as it can penetrate, while a confocal microscope only focuses a smaller beam of light at one narrow depth level at a time. The CLSM achieves a controlled and highly limited depth of focus.

29. The Phase Contrast Microscope

30. The phase contrast microscope is widely used for examining such specimens as biological tissues. It is a type of light microscopy that enhances contrasts of transparent and colorless objects by influencing the optical path of light. The phase contrast microscope is able to show components in a cell or bacteria, which would be very difficult to see in an ordinary light microscope.

31. Altering the Light Waves The phase contrast microscope uses the fact that the light passing trough a transparent part of the specimen travels slower and, due to this is shifted compared to the uninfluenced light. This difference in phase is not visible to the human eye. However, the change in phase can be increased to half a wavelength by a transparent phase-plate in the microscope and thereby causing a difference in brightness. This makes the transparent object shine out in contrast to its surroundings.

32. The Invisible Can Be Seen The phase contrast microscope is a vital instrument in biological and medical research. When dealing with transparent and colorless components in a cell, dyeing is an alternative but at the same time stops all processes in it. The phase contrast microscope has made it possible to study living cells, and cell division is an example of a process that has been examined in detail with it. The phase contrast microscope was awarded with the Nobel Prize in Physics, 1953.

33. Electron microscope

36. Dr. Amar Chandra Das Ghosh
Thank You
Dr. Amar Chandra Das Ghosh