1. Historical Map Analysis and Pearl Harbor Map
Warm-up
You have 12 minutes to read, annotate, and complete the questions on page 7 and 8 of your Historical Thinking packet.
Historical Map Analysis and Pearl Harbor Map

2. The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies

3. Paleolithic Era The Pre-Farming Era
the time before people started doing agriculture
2 million BCE – about 10,000 BCE
Literal Meaning: “Old Stone Age” – use of stone tools

4. Life of Paleolithic Humans
Hunting and Gathering economies (began to change around 10,000 BCE)
Human population = low (1 mile of land supported 2 people)
Women and men = relatively equal (women’s gathering brought in more calories; mystery of bearing life)
Humans developed cultures and beliefs (art, burials, religious ideas)
Populated EVERY continent by about 18,000 BCE

8. Cave Art

9. Neolithic Revolution After 10,000 BCE
What?
“Agricultural Revolution” = domestication of plants & animals
Literal Meaning: New Stone Age
The first permanent human settlements emerged
Still used stone tools
Pottery appears
Catal – Hyuk:
A stone-age village in modern Turkey

10. Farming: The Biggest Mistake???
Food production = Hard Work!
It often led to:
poorer health
shorter lifespan
harder labor for the majority of people
Societies do not develop agriculture unless there is a strong push toward that direction (necessity, hospitable environment and species, etc.)
So Why Did People Switch From Hunting and Gathering To Farming?

11. Where? “Fertile Crescent” (modern day Iraq)
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
The area around these rivers is known to history as Mesopotamia
End of Last Ice Age
Warming Climate
Wild grasses abundant
~Wild Grasses closest to domesticated varieties

12. Why Mesopotamia First? BL=Undomesticated wheat, BR=Change corn (Easier and faster to domesticate wheat than corn)

13. Where & When? Location Dates (B.C.E) Plants Animals
Southwest Asia (Fertile Crescent)
Barley, wheat, lentils, figs
Goats, sheep, cattle, pigs
China
Rice, millet, soybeans
Pigs, chickens, water buffalo
Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa
Sorghum, millet, yams, teff
Cattle (perhaps 8000 B.C.E)
Highland New Guinea
Taro, bananas, yams, sugarcane
Andes region
Potatoes, quinoa, manioc
Llamas, alpaca, guinea pig
Mesoamerica
Maize, squash (perhaps 7000 B.C.E), beans
Turkey
Eastern woodlands of North America
Sunflower, goosefoot, sumpweed
Guided notes: Include blank map for location of progress

14. What else is needed for a Neolithic Revolution?
Animal Domestication – what is it?
An animal will breed where and when we want it to and often. It will come to us for food. It is not aggressive.
Examples?

15. Important Domesticated Animals
Horse
Cow
Pig
Sheep
Goat
Chicken Ox
Indian Elephant
All from Eurasia

16. So What? What does the Neolithic Revolution allow?:
A sedentary lifestyle
The need for cooperation and group effort
Job specialization
Social Hierarchies (Social classes)
Patriarchy (Rule by males)
Population Growth
Why do these occur?

17. Results for Agricultural Society
Now that you have possessions, what do you have to do?
Kings- to direct
Militaries – to protect
Priests – to protect culture and record (BUREAUCRATS)
Scribes and writing – to protect and keep accounts
Artisans- make storage vessels (pottery)

18. Sedentary Lifestyle >>>> Civilizations

19. Beginnings of Civilizations…
How do we tell what happened Prehistory?
Archeologists- look for clues (digs)
Anthropologists- study the culture
Paleontologists- Study fossils
Earliest known human remains come from Africa

20. Olduvai Gorge
Earliest record of human life is found in Olduvai Gorge

22. Out of Africa

23. Early Homosapiens Homo sapiens is the scientific name for modern man
Invention of tools, mastery of fire and the development of language improved human life
Early humans were nomads – people who wander from place to place with no permanent settlements
They were hunters and gatherers for their food
Made tools to help increase their food supply
Made cultural advances with necklaces, cave paintings, rock paintings and carving

24. Question
How would the development of farming affect the lives of humans? Write down 2 different possibilities and explain your answer.

25. Features of Civilization

26. 1) Developed Cities Main feature of a civilization
Political, economic, and cultural centers

27. 2) Organization and Government
Should meet the needs of the people
Powerful
Ruled by religious leaders, wealthy, or elders
Has specific duties
Gather taxes
Organize defenses

28. 3)Complex Religion Polytheistic (many gods) Monotheistic (one god)
Built temples, sacrificed animals, crops, and at times other humans
People worked as priests

29. 4) Job Specialization
Developed once people did not need to spend all of their time looking for food
Instead of doing many jobs “ok”, you do one job really well and do that for others
In turn, other people do the jobs that you may not be as good at

30. 5) Social Classes People become grouped in social classes
Social organization became more complex
Priests
Wealthy merchants
Artisans
Peasant farmers
Slaves

31. 6) Arts and Architecture
Expressed the beliefs and values of the society
Showed strength and power of the government
Sometimes meant to intimidate other groups or countries

32. 7) Public Works Projects that benefit the city
Irrigation systems (for water)
Roads
Bridges
Defensive walls

33. 8) Record Keeping and Writing
Began in temples with priests
Scribes- People who can read and write
Earliest writing made up of pictograms
Pictogram- Simple drawings that looked like the items they represented