1. Aim: How did industrialization affect the relationship between management and workers?
Do Now:
a) Working in the Sweatshops – Read the passage and answer the question

2. What, in your own words, is a union?
An organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

3. Weapons of Labor
Collective Bargaining - Union members negotiated conditions with management
Arbitration – Settling legal issues outside of the courts
Strike – Refusing to work
Picketing – Protesting outside of factory to stop others from going in
Boycott – Refuse to buy/use products from that factory

4. Weapons of Management
Blacklist – To make sure that workers would not find jobs anywhere else
Lockout – Lock workers out of work so they can’t be paid
Yellow Dog Contract – Part of contract NOT to join labor union
Strikebreakers (Scabs) - Brought in to keep production of factory going
Injunction – Court order to return to work/not strike

5. Early Labor Unions
Knights of Labor
Membership – over 700,000 members
Leaders - Terence Powderly
Goals – Social reforms (8-hour work day, no child labor, opportunities for women)
Tactics – Strikes

6. Early Labor Unions
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Membership – One Million
Leader – Samuel Gompers
Goals – Immediate changes (better hours, wages, conditions)
Tactics – “Bread and Butter” (peaceful bargain negotiations)

7. Strikes
Great Railway Strike
Started because of decrease in pay
President Hayes used the army to put down the strike
Resulted in little change

8. Strikes
Homestead Strike
Steel workers in Carnegie's plant
16 people killed
National Guard ended the strike
Fewer than 25% of striking workers would get their job’s back

9. Strikes
Haymarket Riot
Ended in a bomb blast
Knights of Labor blamed even though they had no direct connection
8 police officers and a number of civilians perished

10. Strikes
Pullman Strike
Railway manufacturing strike
Shut-down railroads all over the nation
President Cleveland sent in Federal troops
Government favored interests of business over labor

12. Why do you believe there was such a struggle for labor unions to be viewed as favorable?
Why do you believe the government consistently took the side of management during the early labor strikes?