1. 6.1 Digestion and Absorption

2. Understandings

3. U1. The contraction of circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the small intestines mixes the food with enzymes and moves it along the gut.
contraction of longitudinal muscles moves the food forward along the gut.

4. U2.The pancreas secretes enzymes into the lumen of the small intestines.

5. PANCREATIC JUICES hydrolyze (add water break apart) the following larger molecules:
ENZYME
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
LIPASE
lipids or TRIGLYCERIDES
fatty acids and glycerol or monoglycerides
AMYLASE
starch (amylose)
maltose
PHOSPHOLIPASE
phospholipids
fatty acids, glycerol , and a phosphate group
PROTEASE
proteins and polypeptides
shorter peptides.

6. U3. Enzymes digest most macromolecules in food into monomers in the small intestines.

7. PANCREATIC JUICE complete digestion and hydrolyze into monomers or single units.
ENZYME
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
NUCLEASE
DNA and RNA nucleic acids
NUCLIOTIDES
MALTASE
MALTOSE
GLUCOSE and GLUCOSE
LACTASE
LACTOSE
GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE
SUCRASE
SUCROSE
GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE
DIPEPTIDASE
DIPEPTIDES
AMINO ACIDS
EXOPEPTIDASE
POLYPEPTIDES

8. U4. Villi absorb monomers absorbed by digestion as well as mineral ions and vitamins.

9. U5. Villi increase the surface area in epithelium over which absorption is carried out.

10. U6. Different methods of membrane transport are required to absorb different nutrients.

11. GLUCOSE TRANSPORT

12. Applications

13. Processes occurring in the small intestine that result in the digestion of starch and transport of the products of digestion to the liver.
MALTOSE digested by MALTASE
MALTOTRIOS- digested by GLUCOSIDASE
DEXTRIN- digested by DEXTRINASE
*** All digested into GLUCOSE monomers by these enzymes in the microvilli of SI

14. Use of dialysis tubing to model absorption of digested food in the intestines. (Nature of Science- models are representations of the real world)

15. Skills

16. Production of an annotated diagram of the digestive system.

19. Identification of tissue layers in transverse sections of the small intestines viewed with a microscope or in a micrograph.