1. Story Line: Bias in data
Here is a not-so-well maintained or well sited USHCN station at Marysville

2. Simulated Temperature Series with Shifts Caused by Station Moves and Siting Changes

3. Types of Bias Location Moves Instrument Changes
Changes in Observational Practices
Microclimate changes
Urban Heat Island

4. Simulated Temperature Series with Shifts Caused by Station Moves and Siting Changes
Case 7 unadjusted

5. Simulated Temperature Series with Shifts Caused by Station Moves and Siting Changes

6. Reno, Nevada Example of Multiple biases at one station
Move to
Airport
Likely urban
warming
Red adjusted
Black unadjusted
ASOS Equip.
Moves
Example of Multiple biases at one station
Mean annual TOB and fully adjusted (TOB+Pairwise) minimum temperatures

7. Adjusted Minimum Temperature Series at Marysville, CA

8. USHCNv2 National Average