1. BELLWORK: 11/14 Who won the Crusades? Why?
How did the Crusades lead to the end of Feudalism?
List three changes made to education as a result of the Crusades.
THINKER: One of the major effects of the Crusades was the break down of kingdoms/feudal manors which led to the creation of cities. What are the advantages/disadvantages that could arise with the growth of cities?

2. Effects of the Crusades
Decline of Feudalism  Creation of cities

3. Effects of Crusades: Feudalism
Civilians did not rely on Feudal manors for protection anymore
As kings charged taxes and raised armies, nobles joined the Crusades, sold their lands and freed serfs.
Europe’s economy switched from land-based to money-based
Increased the power and wealth of monarchs!
Magna Carta (limited power of kings)
All caused the end of Feudalism!

4. Effects of the Crusades: Contact with outside world
Ideas spread back and forth
Development of Italian port cities
Growth of trade centers

6. Effects of the Crusades: Technology
Gunpowder Weaponry
Plate Amour and Helmets
Communication (courier pigeons)
Shipbuilding
Travel

7. Effects of the Crusades: Education
People became less trusting of church power & motives
The spread of ideas increased the demand for education
Universities established throughout Europe
Literature written in the vernacular (everyday language) instead of Latin
New ideas spurred the Renaissance!
The University of Bologna (Italy) was created during the Middle Ages – it is the oldest university in the world!

9. Other Effects of Crusades
Persecution & segregation of Jews
Development of three strong nation states -- Spain, England and France
Art & architecture – gothic style & religious based
Byzantine Empire falls – Muslims take Constantinople

10. Art and Architecture

11. Fall of Constantinople & End of Byzantine Empire - 1453
Constantinople never recovered from the Fourth Crusade – Muslim armies exploited this weakness!

12. Make a prediction  What problems could arise with the growth of cities?

13. The Bubonic Plague
The Bubonic Plague, also known as The Black Plague or The Black Death spread throughout Europe between
The Black Plague was one of the most devastating pandemics in history:
Killed 1/3 of the population in Europe and Asia
Reduced world’s population from 450M to 350M by 1400.
It took 150 years for Europe’s population to recover
Started in East Asia and spread west throughout Europe

14. The Black Plague Read about “The Black Plague” on the red handout!
As you read, underline/circle/annotate the key points.
You will participate in a discussion strategy for review  make sure you understand!
How “speed dating” discussion works:
Walk around the room, when the music stops  Find a partner!
With your partner, discuss the question on the board.
Both people need to participate. The point is to discuss!
You have a minute at each “date.” Then, we will start the process over.
No notes  this is review!
Do NOT move ahead! No repeat partners!

15. Describe the theories that people used to explain the causes of the Black Plague. What actually caused it?

16. How did the Black Plague spread
How did the Black Plague spread? Make a prediction  Why did it spread so fast? Why couldn’t people stop it’s spread?

17. Explain the symptoms of the Black Plague
Explain the symptoms of the Black Plague. What is the difference between the Bubonic Plague and the Pneumonic Plague?

18. How did the Black Plague affect Europe
How did the Black Plague affect Europe? Come up with at least three effects!

19. The Black Plague: Speed Dating Discussion
Describe the theories that people used to explain the causes of the Black Plague. What actually caused it?
How did the Black Plague spread? Make a prediction  Why did it spread so fast? Why couldn’t people stop it’s spread?
Explain the symptoms of the Black Plague. What is the difference between the Bubonic Plague and the Pneumonic Plague?
How did the Black Plague affect Europe? Come up with at least three effects!

20. The Black Plague Answer the following questions in your notes:
List three theories on the causes of the Black Plague.
What actually caused the Black Plague?
How did the Black Plague spread?
What is the difference between the Bubonic Plague and the Pneumonic Plague?
Explain the symptoms of the Black Plague.
How did the Black Plague affect Europe?

21. Spread of the Black Plague in Europe

23. The Bubonic Plague
Symptoms started with the appearance of boils in the neck and armpits, which oozed pus and blood when opened.
Followed by a severe fever and vomiting of blood
Body would be covered with black spots and rashes
Sometimes it infected the lungs and caused respiratory problems.
Most victims died within 2-7 days after infection.

25. A scene showing plague-infected monks being blessed by a priest
A scene showing plague-infected monks being blessed by a priest. England

26. Some countries chose to burn infected people in groups.

28. Do you know this nursery rhyme?
Ring around the rosies
Pockets full of posies
Ashes, ashes,
We all fall down.
A rosie rash and rings on your skin were symptoms of the Black Plague!
Posies of herbs were carried as protection and to ward off the smell
Ashes, Ashes refers variously to the cremation of bodies, the burning of victims’ houses, or the blackening of their skin