1. Respiratory System Amazing Lung Facts
At rest, a person breathes about 14 to 16 times per minute. After exercise it could increase to over 60 times per minute.
New babies at rest breathe between 40 and 50 times per minute. By age five it decreases to around 25 times per minute.
The total surface area of the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs) is the size of a tennis court.
The lungs are the only organ in the body that can float on water.
The lungs produce a detergent-like substance which reduces the surface tension of the fluid lining, allowing air in

2. Respiratory System A. Purpose B. Why?
food
ATP
A. Purpose
Gas Exchange: O2 in, CO2 out
B. Why?
-oxygen is needed to release energy from food by the process of cellular respiration:
C. How:
Gases diffuse across a moist barrier called the respiratory surface
CO2 O2
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP

3. The Respiratory System
Pharynx
Nose
Larynx
Trachea
Mouth
Lung
Bronchiole
Epiglottis
Bronchus
Alveoli
Bronchioles
Diaphragm
Capillaries
Edge of
pleural membrane

4. Respiratory Organ System Parts
1. Nose and Mouth
Bring in oxygen, expel carbon dioxide
Why do you have nose hairs???
To clean incoming air of dirt and other harmful substances
2. Pharynx:
Passageway for air
3. Larynx:
Located at end of pharynx
Contains the VOICE BOX
4. Trachea (windpipe):
Air is cleaned by mucus and CILIA (tiny hairs)

5. 5. Bronchus (pl. Bronchi)
Very large tubes that branch from trachea
Each leads to one LUNG
Bronchioles:
Each bronchus branches into these smaller tubes; spread throughout each lung
Alveoli:
Tiny air sacs located at the end of bronchioles in the lungs
Site of gas exchange and surrounded by capillaries!
Oxygen diffuses into blood stream, Carbon dioxide diffuses out
Look like bunches of grapes!

6. Passageway to the lungs:
nose  pharynx  larynx  trachea  bronchi  bronchioles  alveoli
How does respiration occur in one celled organisms?
Through the Cell membrane

7. carbon dioxide exchange at
Movement of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide In and Out of the Respiratory System
Nasal
cavities
Oxygen-rich
air from environment
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Oxygen and
carbon dioxide exchange at
alveoli
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Bronchioles
Nasal
cavities
Carbon
dioxide-rich
air to the environment
Trachea
Pharynx

8. Gas Exchange 1. End products
** The end products of aerobic cellular respiration:
water and carbon dioxide diffuse into the blood and are released from the lungs.
Were does it occur?
The alveoli
oxygen in, CO2 out
Gas Exchange Video
Alveoli
Bronchiole
Capillary

9. Let’s see this in action!
2. HOW DOES IT OCCUR:
Breathing IS automatically controlled by the medulla oblongata in the brain
Rate depends on the amount of CO2
CO2 is high, breathing rate fast
CO2 is low, breathing rate is slow
Inhalation: Active process
Diaphragm FLATTENS AND CONTRACTS
Air rushes into lungs through the respiratory tubes
Chest cavity EXPANDS
Exhalation: Passive Process
Diaphragm RISES AND RELAXES
forcing air out of lungs
Chest cavity COLLAPSES moving air out
Let’s see this in action!

10. Breathing
inhale
exhale

11. Respiratory Homeostasis Disorders
Pneumonia: Alveoli fill with fluids and mucus resulting in coughing and breathing difficulties
Asthma: Allergic reaction in which bronchiole contractions create breathing difficulties
Emphysema: Air sacs lose their elasticity and breakdown resulting in a loss of respiratory surface in the lungs
Cystic fibrosis: failure to make certain enzymes causing mucous buildup in lungs.
Lung Cancer: an overgrowth of abnormal cells in the lungs disrupting gas exchange caused by smoking, exposure to radioactive chemicals or asbestos.

12. A Healthy Lung (outer view)
(inside view)
A LUNG AFTER SMOKING….

13. Preventing respiratory disease
Not smoking – both first and second hand smoke are damaging
Stay away from pollutants – ie. asbestos
Wash hands when possible

14. MTV Real Life Emphysema Video – Pam Laffin
“I can’t breathe”