1. The End of Reconstruction

2. Carpetbaggers
Northerners who came South
Some came to help, find opportunity
Others came to exploit South

3. Scalawag
Southerners who worked with Rep
Diverse group
Disliked by most Southerners

4. Reconstruction Reforms
Positive
AA participate in government
Repeal black codes
Create hospitals, institutions
Improve transportation
Negatives
Reforms paid for with loans & higher taxes
Corruption (Graft/bribes)
Southern Resistance
Resentment among whites that to much being done for AA
“Black Republican” governments

5. Southern Resistance Ku Klux Klan
Goals: Drive out troops and carpetbaggers
- Regain Dem control of South
Use terror and violence against AA & Rep

6. Enforcement Acts Passed in 1870-71 to combat violence
#1 – Fed crime to prevent someone from voting
#2 – Fed elections put under control of Federal Marshals
#3 – The Ku Klux Klan Act
Outlaw activities of KKK
3,000+ KKK arrested
Only 600 convicted, even less did jail time

7. Grant’s Administration Effectiveness
War hero Reputation = 1868 Victory
Little political experience
Let Radical Rep develop policy
His office = weak and ineffective

8. GOOD: Enforcement Acts makes activities of KKK illegal
sends Marshalls to protect AA right to vote
Increased Civil Rights
passed 15th amendment
troops stationed in South to ensure AA rights are not being violated

9. Bad Sin Tax tax on alcohol and tobacco
seen as benefiting wealthy over poor, splits the Rep party in two
Corruption
Sec of War Belknap, accept bribes
Credit Mobilier -Dummy construction company created by RR to fleece government
Whiskey Ring - Distillers & treasury file False tax reports
Grant accepted gifts, Grant’s sect resigns
Panic Bad RR investments leads to Jay Cooke & Co. – major financial firm failed
Small banks fail, stock market drops, business close, unemployment rises. Democrats gain power with 1874 elections

10. Election of 1876
South use violence and racisim to regain control of the South
Dem – Samuel Tilden
goal = end corruption V.
Rep – Rutherford B. Hayes
goal = end radical reconstruction
Outcome:
Tilden won popular vote
Electoral vote in dispute

11. The Compromise of 1877
Commission (15 people) decide who’s President. Hayes promises to remove troops South and rebuild levees if picked
April 1877 Hayes remove troops from South, Dem regain control of South and reconstruction ends

12. The New South “Old South” dead
Agricultural economy gone
Planter elite gone
New Industries - Supported by Northern capital
Rebuilding RR (iron & steel)
Tobacco
Cotton Mills
Allowed more diverse economy, but still remained mostly agrarian

13. Sharecropping Tenant Farming
Farmed a portion of planters land
Paid for rent in crops
Owner supplied seed, tools, etc
Many families were trapped in debt
Rented land for cash
Chose what & when to plant
Bought own supplies
Often went into debt & became sharecropper

14. Many AA trapped in virtual slavery
Owed money to furnishing merchants
Paid debt in crops but could not get ahead
Debt peonage – could not leave land until debt was paid
Could not grow enough to pay all debts.

15. Reconstruction Successes Restored the Union
S economy grew, new wealth created
14th & 15th Amendment
Freedmen's bureau
S. states adopt mandatory education
Failures
White south bitter
S. is slow to gain industry
After troops leave terrorist groups deny AA rights
Many AA & whites trapped in poverty
Racist attitudes continue