1. Unions and Social Reforms
Unions: organizations of workers that joined together so they could have more power to stand up to owners who were treating them unfairly.
Collective Bargaining: collectively (together) the workers would bargain with owners for better wages and working conditions.
If owners would not negotiate, workers could strike
Another response to Capitalism were the social effects
1. Unions were organizations of workers that joined together, collectively (together) they could bargain for better wages and working conditions. If owners would not negotiate, workers could strike Note: Skilled vs. unskilled labor. Skilled laborers (ex: capenters, spinners, printers) had more to bargain with, unskilled owners could just hire more workers. Thus skilled labor led the union movement
2. Laws (They don’t need to know specific these are just examples of laws)
Factory Acts(1833) regulated hours a person could work based on age
No one under 9 could work 9-12 no more than 8 hours, no more than 12 hours Mines Act 1842 women and children could not work underground1847 limited the workday to ten hours for women and children 1904 tried to end child labor the unions were for this because they thought that child labor brought down all wages in general. The Supreme Court in 1919 would not ban child labor, but allowed individual states to do so.
Effects of reform
Abolition of slavery in Britain in 1833 in Americas in 1865 with the end of the Civil War
Public Education

2. Unions and Social Reforms
Reform: Union raise awareness of unfair/unsafe working conditions - Government steps in to start regulating business
Laws are passed to protect workers (labor laws)
Hours based on age
Working conditions improve
Abolition of slavery
Public education
Another response to Capitalism were the social effects
1. Unions were organizations of workers that joined together, collectively (together) they could bargain for better wages and working conditions. If owners would not negotiate, workers could strike Note: Skilled vs. unskilled labor. Skilled laborers (ex: capenters, spinners, printers) had more to bargain with, unskilled owners could just hire more workers. Thus skilled labor led the union movement
2. Laws (They don’t need to know specific these are just examples of laws)
Factory Acts(1833) regulated hours a person could work based on age
No one under 9 could work 9-12 no more than 8 hours, no more than 12 hours Mines Act 1842 women and children could not work underground1847 limited the workday to ten hours for women and children 1904 tried to end child labor the unions were for this because they thought that child labor brought down all wages in general. The Supreme Court in 1919 would not ban child labor, but allowed individual states to do so.
Effects of reform
Abolition of slavery in Britain in 1833 in Americas in 1865 with the end of the Civil War
Public Education

3. Population & Demand Goes Up
Need for more products; eat more, use more = consume more
More demand means they need more supplies: like natural resources
Malthus (left unchecked a population will outgrow its resources)

5. Ayn Rand (1905-1982) – Discussion not written notes
Russian-American writer and philosopher (came to America when she was 21
Created philosophy of objectivism
Most famous works are Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead
Reason is the only path to knowledge
Rejected all faith and religion
Acknowledged Aristotle as her greatest influence
Major influence on American conservative movement and Republican party
This despite some major conflicts with conservative and right-wing ideals (atheism, abortion rights, her all or nothing philosophy, etc.)
On imperialism (next unit): “Americans didn’t conquer…You are a racist if you object to that…[And since] the Indians did not have any property rights – they didn’t have the concept of property…they didn’t have any rights to the land” 
HER IDEAS ARE CONTROVERSIAL, I AM NOT ADVOCATING THEM ONE WAY OR THE OTHER!

6. Atlas Shrugged: Part II (start at 6:00 – end @ 45:00, 1:02:00 or 1:27:00 – the decision is yours!)
IF YOU WERE ABSENT – It’s on Amazon Prime video (if you have access), if not, use these links – Synopsis and Character List – from the most reliable source in the world WIKIPEDIA (kidding) to answer the following questions to the best of your ability:
On Page 54 of your NB (minimum of three FULL sentences each)
How did the Dagny Taggart’s Railroad mirror that of a railroad during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?
How did Hank Rearden’s metal symbolize steel created by the Bessemer process during the industrial revolution?
How does the movie support laissez – faire capitalism?
How does the movie challenge socialism?