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Basic Cell Structures
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Vocabulary 9 Cell Membrane Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic
Cytoplasm Golgi Apparatus Cytoplasm Chloroplasts Prokaryote Mitochondria Eukaryote Vacuoles Cell Organelles Lysosomes Nucleus Cytoskeleton Cell wall Centrioles Ribosomes Cilia Flagella Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum DNA
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What is a cell? A collection of living matter enclosed by barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings Cells are the basic unit of life They are the smallest units of matter that can be considered living
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Three Common Cell Features
Cell Membrane Cytoplasm DNA
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Cell Membrane A membrane is thin, flexible layer of material
The cell membrane surrounds the cell It holds it together Functions like a fence with gates or screen on a window, controlling what enters and leaves the cell. Outside of cell Inside (cytoplasm) Cell membrane Proteins Protein channel Lipid bilayer Carbohydrate chains
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Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Cytoplasm
Gel like substance inside the cell membrane Made of water and organic compounds Various structures called organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm
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Two Major Categories of Cells
Prokaryote Simple Bacteria and blue-green algae Eukaryote Complex Plants and animals
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Nucleus or Not? Prokaryotes
Some cells have no nucleus but do have loose DNA in their cytoplasm Called Prokaryotes Bacteria and cousins Small Primitive Have no organelles except ribosomes They can perform all of the functions of life
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Prokaryote
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Nucleus or Not? Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes cells have nuclear membranes around nucleus Have organelles More complex Larger All plants and animals plants animals
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Animal Cell Animal Cell Centrioles (attached) Ribosome Nucleolus
Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Smooth Mitochondrion Cell Membrane Ribosome (free) (attached) Animal Cell
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Plant cell Chloroplast Cell wall Smooth endoplasmic Vacuole reticulum
Ribosome (free) Chloroplast Ribosome (attached) Cell Membrane Cell wall Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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What am I I have DNA Prokaryote Eukaryote
Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither
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Three Common Cell Features
Cell Membrane Cytoplasm DNA
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What am I I am a plant cell Prokaryote Eukaryote
Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither
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Nucleus or Not? Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes cells have nuclear membranes around nucleus Have organelles More complex Larger All plants and animals plants animals
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What am I I have no nucleus Prokaryote Eukaryote
Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither
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Nucleus or Not? Prokaryotes
Some cells have no nucleus but do have loose DNA in their cytoplasm Called Prokaryotes Bacteria and cousins Small Primitive Have no organelles except ribosomes They can perform all of the functions of life
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What am I A bacteria Prokaryote Eukaryote
Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither
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Two Major Categories of Cells
Prokaryote Simple Bacteria and blue-green algae Eukaryote Complex Plants and animals
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What am I I have a cell membrane Prokaryote Eukaryote
Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither
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Three Common Cell Features
Cell Membrane Cytoplasm DNA
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What am I I am more complex Prokaryote Eukaryote
Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither
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Nucleus or Not? Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes cells have nuclear membranes around nucleus Have organelles More complex Larger All plants and animals plants animals
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What am I My DNA is surrounded by its own Sac Prokaryote Eukaryote
Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote Neither
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Nucleus or Not? Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes cells have nuclear membranes around nucleus Have organelles More complex Larger All plants and animals plants animals
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What am I I am thin and let stuff in and out of the cell Cell wall
Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus
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Cell Membrane A membrane is thin, flat , layer, flexible layer of material The cell membrane surrounds the cell It holds it together Functions like a fence with gates or screen on a window, controlling what enters and leaves the cell. Outside of cell Inside (cytoplasm) Cell membrane Proteins Protein channel Lipid bilayer Carbohydrate chains
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This is a Prokaryote Eukaryote Could be Prokaryote or Eukaryote
Neither
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Prokaryote
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7) Cell Organelles Cells have many parts
Each part performs a certain task
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Organelles in Cytoplasm
Cells function like miniature factories Take in nutrients Make, sort, secrete, or store chemicals Eliminate waste Organelles perform these functions much like little factories
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Differences in Plants and Animal Cells
Cell Walls Chloroplasts Large Central Vacuoles Animals No Cell Walls Centrioles
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Animal Cell Animal Cell Centrioles (attached) Ribosome Nucleolus
Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Smooth Mitochondrion Cell Membrane Ribosome (free) (attached) Found only in Plants Animal Cell
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Plant cell Chloroplast Cell wall Found only in Plants
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Ribosome (free) Chloroplast Ribosome (attached) Cell Membrane Cell wall Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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Tree Dog Worm Rock I have a stiff covering that surrounds my cells
I am a Tree Dog Worm Rock
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Flower Cactus Worm Rock
I have a no stiff covering that surrounds my cells I am a Flower Cactus Worm Rock
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The Nucleus Prominent organelle Not all cells have a nucleus
The nucleus controls most cell processes Contains the hereditary information of DNA. The DNA combines with protein to form chromatin, which is found throughout the nucleus. The small, dense region in the nucleus is the nucleolus- which make ribosomes for the cell
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Cell wall Cell Wall
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Cell wall The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection for the cell.
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Cell Wall Plants Bacteria Fungus
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Ribosomes Make proteins from amino acids
Only organelle found both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Extensive network of membranes Two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Rough Endoplastic Reticulum
Has ribosomes on its surface (looks rough) Makes protein that will be secreted by the cell Makes new cell membrane
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
No ribosomes Makes Lipids Eliminates waste Processes carbohydrates Modifies toxic chemicals
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Golgi Apparatus Flat membrane bound sac’s Cell’s transportation system
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and sends them out of the cell
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Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
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Mitochondrion Generates energy necessary to power the cell’s activities Change the energy stored in food (glucose) into a form the cell can use Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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Mitochondria
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Vacuoles Space for cell storage of materials Saclike structure
Stores water, proteins and other substances Many plants have a large Central Vacuole filled with liquid that allows it to support itself better
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Lysosomes Sac-like Contains digestive enzymes that break-down molecules that are no longer useful Recycles materials Can sometimes destroy the whole cell lysosome
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Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape. Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Mitochondrion
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Centrioles Located near the nucleus Helps organize cell division
Centrioles are not found in plant cells.
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Structures for movement Cilia
Hairlike projections Used to propel cells Used to propel the fluids around the cell Used for sensing the environment
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Structures for movement Flagella
Larger tail like projections Used mainly for locomotion Usually only have one
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cwIk kWizzzzz I am in all cells and make proteins Lysosome Ribosome
Centriole Vacuole
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Ribosomes Make proteins from amino acids
Only organelle found both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
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I help divide the cell Lysosome Ribosome Centriole Vacuole
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Centrioles Located near the nucleus Helps organize cell division
Centrioles are not found in plant cells.
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I am in charge of transportation and packaging
Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosome Cytoskeleton Golgi Apparatus
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Golgi Apparatus Flat membrane bound sac’s Cell’s transportation system
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
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_____________ are organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy Chloroplasts Mitochondria Lysosome Flagella
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Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
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I am inside the cell and help to give shape to it
Chloroplasts Cytoskeleton Cell Wall Vacuole
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Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape. Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Mitochondrion
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The main function of the ______________ is to provide support and protection for the cell.
Chloroplasts Cytoskeleton Cell Wall Vacuole
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Cell wall The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection for the cell.
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Generates energy necessary to power the cell’s activities
Chloroplasts Mitochondria Lysosome Flagella
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Mitochondrion Generates energy necessary to power the cell’s activities Change the energy stored in food (glucose) into a form the cell can use Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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The rough endoplasmic reticulum has _________ in it while the smooth reticulum does not
Lysosomes Ribosomes Centriole Vacuoles
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Rough Endoplastic Reticulum
Has ribosomes on its surface (looks rough) Makes protein that will be secreted by the cell Makes new cell membrane
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The vacoule Makes proteins Is a a space for cell storage of materials
Generates energy necessary to power the cell’s activities Used to propel cells
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Vacuoles Space for cell storage of materials Saclike structure
Stores water, proteins and other substances Many plants have a large Central Vacuole filled with liquid that allows it to support itself better
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The ___________ Makes Lipids, Eliminates waste, Processes carbohydrates
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytoskeleton Golgi Apparatus
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
No ribosomes Makes Lipids Eliminates waste Processes carbohydrates Modifies toxic chemicals
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The has ribosomes on its surface (looks rough), makes protein that will be secreted by the cell and makes new cell membrane Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytoskeleton Golgi Apparatus
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Rough Endoplastic Reticulum
Has ribosomes on its surface (looks rough) Makes protein that will be secreted by the cell Makes new cell membrane
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The nucleus controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA.
Ribosomes Centriole Vacuoles
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The Nucleus Prominent organelle Not all cells have a nucleus
The nucleus controls most cell processes Contains the hereditary information of DNA. The DNA combines with protein to form chromatin, which is found throughout the nucleus. The small, dense region in the nucleus is the nucleolus.
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A tail like projection used mainly for locomotion
Cilia Prokaryote Flagella Lysosome
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Structures for movement Flagella
Larger tail like projections Used mainly for locomotion Usually only have one
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Hairlike projections used to propel cells, propel the fluids around the cell and for sensing the environment Cilia Prokaryote Flagella Lysosome
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Structures for movement Cilia
Hairlike projections Used to propel cells Used to propel the fluids around the cell Used for sensing the environment
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Finished
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