1. Mannerism
and
Italian Baroque

2. Today we will be talking about Late Renaissance or Mannerist artists AND Italian Baroque Art

3. Why A New Form of Art?
Renaissance art had answered all the problems representing reality.
Often, artists strive to be different, to be revolutionary. Thus, they can stand out; be noticed. They also achieve fame for their new form of art.

4. Thus, after the perfection and harmony of the Renaissance artists came an effort to replace harmony with dissonance, reason with emotion, and reality with imagination.

5. The Influence of the Times
Chaos in Italy following relative calm of Peace of Lodi (1454):
1517 writing of Luther’s 95 Theses
1527 sack of Rome by troops of Charles V
1543, Nicolas Copernicus’ scientific claims that the earth was NOT the center of the universe.

6. Thus, in the High Renaissance we had art that displayed stability: they were symmetrical and weighed toward the center as seen in the triangular composition of da Vinci’s Mona Lisa

7. Mona Lisa

8. But in the Late Renaissance there were compositions with an oblique composition, with a void in the center and figures crowded around—often cut off—the edge of the frame. It would be as if world chaos and loss of a unifying faith made paintings off and diffuse.
Hello

9. Mannerism ( ) originates from the Italian term “di maniera” meaning a work of art done according to an acquired style rather than depicting nature.

10. Characteristics of Mannerist Style
Figures writhe and twist in unnecessary contrapposto.
Bodies are distorted—generally elongated but sometimes grossly muscular.
Colors are lurid, heightening the impression of tension, movement, and unreal lighting.

11. Rosso
Where is the influence of the times on the art?

12. Pantormo
Where is the influence of the times on the art?

13. Parmigiano’s “Madonna with the Long Neck”

14. Michelangelo’s David
2/16/2019
Mike Stratas

15. Benvenuto Cellini

16. El Greco ( )
Born in Crete, which was then a Venetian possession.
Real name Domenikos Theotocopoulos
Worked in Spain when it was in the grip of the religious frenzy of the Counter-Reformation and Inquisition
Many of his surreal, emotionally intense paintings reflect this climate of extreme zealotry.

17. E L G R C O
El Greco

18. Where is the influence of the times on the art of El Greco?

19. E L G R C O

20. El Greco’s “Resurrection”

21. Baroque Art ( )
Succeeded in marrying the advanced techniques and grand scale of the Renaissance to the emotion, intensity, and drama of Mannerism, thus making the Baroque era the most sumptuous and ornate in the history of art.

22. Characteristics of Baroque
Styles ranged from Italian realism to French flamboyance.
But the most common element was a sensitivity and absolute mastery of light to achieve maximum emotional impact.

23. All Roads Lead From Rome
The Baroque era began in Rome around 1600.
The Catholic popes were financing magnificent cathedrals and grand works to display their faith’s triumph after the Counter Reformation and to attract new worshipers by overwhelming them with theatrical, “must-see” architecture.

24. Italian Baroque Artists in Rome pioneered the Baroque style.
There, art academies expertly trained artists in the Renaissance techniques. Artists could expertly represent the human body from any angle, portray the most complex perspective, and realistically represent almost any appearance.

25. The Difference Between Renaissance and Baroque
Baroque had an emphasis on emotion rather than rationality, dynamism rather than balance.
Baroque painters painted religious scenes that were theatrical, sensuous, and dynamic. The classical harmony of the Renaissance gave way to the extravagance and passion of baroque art.

26. Three Masters of Italian Baroque
Caravaggio, painter
Bernini, sculptor
Borromini, architect

27. Caravaggio’s “The Calling of Saint Matthew”
How Does Art Reflect the Times?

28. Caravaggio’s “Supper at Emmaus”
How Does Art Reflect the Times?

29. Caravaggio’s “The Conversion of Saint Paul”
How Does Art Reflect the Times?

30. How Does Art Reflect the Times?
Caravagio

31. The followers of Caravaggio were called “I tenebrosi” or Caravaggisti”
One of the most famous was Artemisia Gentileschi ( )
She was the most famous woman painter to be widely known and appreciated.
She is also known as the first feminist painter.

32. Gentileschi’s “Judith Beheading Holofernes”
How Does Art Reflect the Times?

33. Sir Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640)
After the Reformation, the southern Netherlands, called Flanders and later Belgium, remained Catholic. Rubens encompasses all of his homeland’s Baroque art.
He was quite prodigious, making 2000 paintings.
He is known for his religious paintings such as “The Descent from the Cross”; full-bodied sensual nudes, and his hunting paintings.

34. “The Descent From the Cross”
What characteristics of Baroque art do you see?
How does his painting reflect the times?

36. Bernini (1598-1680) Greatest sculptor of the Baroque period.
He was also an architect, painter, playwright, composer, and theater designer.
More than any other artists, his public fountains, religious art, and designs for St. Peter’s Basilica left their mark on the face of Rome.

37. Bernini’s “David”
How Does Art Reflect the Times?

38. Bernini’s “The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa of Avila”
How Does Art Reflect the Times?

39. Bernini’s “Apollo and Daphne”

40. Bernini’s “baldachin”
How Does Art Reflect the Times?

41. Bernini’s piazza of St. Peter’s Cathedral
How Does Art Reflect the Times?

43. Borromini ( )
What Caravaggio did for painting, Borromini did for architecture. Just as the painter’s spotlighted subjects seem to leap out at the viewer, Borromini’s undulating walls create a sense of being strobe-lit.
His work revolutionized the field of architecture.

44. Borromini’s St. Ivo
How Does Art Reflect the Times?

45. Interior of St. Ivo’s

46. Borromini’s San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane
How Does Art Reflect the Times?

47. Baroque Architecture

48. Baroque Architecture