1. Almost all energy on Earth comes from the sun.
Energy Flow
Almost all energy on Earth comes from the sun.

2. Sun
Main energy source
Photosynthesis

3. Producers Autotrophs Perform Photosynthesis or Chemosynthesis Bacteria
Algae
Plants

4. Photosynthesis
Light energy into carbohydrates
Produces O2

6. Chemosynthesis Use energy in chemical bonds to produce carbs
Found – no light present

7. Consumers
Acquire energy from others by eating
AKA:Heterotrophs

8. Six Types of Consumer Carnivore Herbivore Omnivore
Consumes other animals
Consumes plants
Omnivore
Consumes both plants and animals

9. Six Types of Consumer Scavenger Decomposer Detritivore
Breaks down
Organic material
Detritivore – feeds on dead plants
Consumes dead and
decaying organic matter

10. Energy Relationships

11. Environment producers consumers  decomposers.
Food Chains
One-way energy flow
Environment producers consumers  decomposers.

12. E N R G Y Trophic Levels Producers- Autotrophs Secondary consumers
Tertiary consumers- top carnivores
Secondary consumers
Primary consumers - Hetertrophs
Producers- Autotrophs 12

13. Food Chains
Series of steps in which organisms transfer energy from eating or being eaten
Arrows point towards consumer

15. Food Web
Network of complex interactions formed by feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem

16. How does energy move through a food web
How does energy move through a food web? All the food chains in a habitat are put together in a food web to show how the food chains overlap. Energy starts with the sun, then goes to plants and then consumers.
Amoeba sisters video in picture

17. Great Blue Heron
Frog
Crab
Overharvesting depletes most of the crab population. What changes in this food chain?

18. What do the solid arrows represent?
What do the dashed arrows represent?
Can you trace a food chain from one of the producers to the bobcat?
Why is a food web a more accurate representation of feeding relationships in an ecosystem than a food chain?
Even though only one organism is shown in the food web, it represents all the individuals of the species.

19. Ecological Pyramids
Shows the relative amount of energy contained within each trophic level in a food chain

20. Trophic Levels Trophic – Greek “trophe” Producers= 1st trophic level
Food or nourishment
Producers= 1st trophic level
Consumers= 2nd level and higher

21. Trophic Levels Read from the bottom to the top of pyramid
1st trophic level- producers/autotrophs
Ex: Plants
2nd trophic level- primary consumers
Ex: Herbivores or omnivores
3rd trophic level- secondary consumers
Carnivores or omnivores
4th + trophic levels- tertiary or quad consumers
Ex: top predators- carnivores

22. Types of Pyramids “The 10% Rule” 1. Energy Pyramids
10% energy transferred up to next level as organisms feed on one another.
The rest is lost as HEAT.
“The 10% Rule”

23. Types of Pyramids 2. Biomass Pyramids
Biomass – total amount of organic matter present in a trophic level

24. Number of organisms at each trophic level. Higher # at LOWER levels.
Types of Pyramids
3. Pyramid of numbers
Number of organisms at each trophic level.
Higher # at LOWER levels.

25. Biomagnification
Video on Marine mercury in picture

26. Biomagnification
The process by which toxic substances accumulate at increasingly high concentrations in progressively higher trophic levels

27. Two Characteristics Non Biodegradable Fat soluble
Accumulate in fat of body
Bioaccumulation
Stored energy is passed to higher trophic levels

28. DDT - Pesticide Dichloro – Diphenyl – Trichloroethane
Use in WWII to control malaria
After war – agricultural insecticide
1972 – Banned in US

29. Bald Eagle DDT affected offspring Affects not seen initially
Caused by DDE (broken down DDT)
Blocks calcium carbonate production
Resulting in egg shell thinning
Affects not seen initially

30. Shell Thinning