1. Fifth Grade Part 4
Review 2
Energy

2. Force A push or a pull that causes a change in position and direction

3. Gravity Math Force that pulls objects toward each other
Weight is the measure of the force of gravity on an object.
Weight is measured with a spring scale in units called Newtons. 3 2 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 s
Math

4. Weight vs. Mass In the matter unit you learned:
Weight depends on gravity. For example, your weight would change if you went to a larger planet with greater gravity than Earth. You would weigh more.
Mass is the amount of matter in an object. If you went to the moon, you would still have the same amount of matter. So your mass would be the same.

5. Magnetism
Force that causes magnetic objects to attract or repel each other
Iron and steel objects are attracted to magnets.
Magnetic fields are strongest at the ends called the poles.
Attract – to pull toward
Repel – to push away
A compass uses magnetism to find direction using the Earth’s magnetic field. S N
Opposite poles attract or pull together. S N
Like poles repel or push away.

6. Friction
sandpaper
carpet
cement road
Force that keeps objects that are touching each other from sliding past each other easily
Sometimes helpful: rough surface on a ball helps you catch it
Sometimes harmful: metal parts rub together making heat
Friction can be reduced by using oil on moving parts or making something smoother.

7. Work
The measure of force that it takes to move an object a certain distance

8. A tool that helps people do work
Simple Machine
A bar that turns on a fixed point
Two inclined planes placed back to back
A flat surface that has one end higher than the other
A tool that helps people do work
A rope or chain and the wheel it fits around
A large wheel attached to a smaller wheel or rod
Inclined plane wrapped around a pole

9. Fulcrum
When the fulcrum is close to the load, less effort is needed to lift the load.
The fixed point on a lever
FLOUR
Less force needed
fulcrum
When the fulcrum is far from the load, more effort is needed to lift the load.
FLOUR
More force needed

10. Potential vs. Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Energy an object has because of its place or position
Kinetic Energy
Energy an object has when it is in motion
A cart at location A would have the most potential energy on this roller coaster.
When the cart reaches location C, it has the most kinetic energy.

11. Switch is up, circuit is open.
Electrical Circuits
Open circuits have a break in the circuit path so electricity cannot flow through.
Closed circuits have a complete path for the electricity to follow.
Light bulb is not lit.
Switch is up, circuit is open.
Light bulb is lit.
Switch is down, circuit is closed.

12. Electrical Circuits
Series circuits have only one path for the current to pass through.
Parallel circuits have more than one path for the current to pass through.

13. Conductors vs. Insulators
A material in which electrical energy moves easily
A material in which electrical energy does NOT move easily
Rubber coating
cloth
cardboard
copper wire

14. Electromagnets A wire wrapped rod connected to a battery
Wrapping more coils increases the strength of the magnetic field
Decreasing the number of coils takes strength away from the magnetic field
Called temporary magnets - they are only magnetic when connected to the battery