1. From Republic to Empire
Global Studies I
From Republic to Empire

2. End of the Republic
Expansion brought riches but led to slave and allied revolts
Read pages 156 and 157.
Answer these questions:
What happened to Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus? Why?
Describe the new role of the Roman Army.
What did Lucius Cornelius Sulla do?

3. End of the Republic
As Rome’s territory expanded, the stability of the Republic declined
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were the first to attempt reform
These wealthy aristocrats tried to help the small farmer
They were both killed by fellow members of the Senate
Generals like Cornelius Sulla set a standard for using the military to enforce their political power.

4. Julius Caesar great Roman general that conquered Gaul
marched his army across the Rubicon River into Rome.
defeated Pompey and Crassus, the other members of the First Triumvirate, and declared himself dictator.
Triumvirate
three people with equal power
Rome’s first true dictator
(ruler with absolute power that is not a monarch)
March 15, 44 BC he was assassinated in the Senate

5. Rome under Julius Caesar

6. End of the Republic
The Second Triumvirate plunges Rome into Civil War again!
Octavian (Grandnephew), Antony (Caesar’s Assistant), Lepidus (Commander of Cavalry)
Dangers of a Vast Empire (Discovery Video)
Answer the following questions:
Who is Cleopatra?
Who became the first emperor of Rome?
How did he accomplish this?

7. Cleopatra’s Suicide
Discovery Video Clip

8. Pax Romana (Roman Peace)
Octavian Augustus ruled with absolute power and began the Pax Romana
His successors included good and bad emperors
200 year period of peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire from Euphrates River to Britain.
Legions maintained roads and navy protected seas encouraging free trade
Cultural diffusion: thoughts, customs, and ideas spread throughout the empire.

9. Roman Emperors Caligula Nero
was believed to be insane. Legend has it he appointed his horse as consul.
Nero
blamed Christians for starting the fire that burned Rome and committed suicide.

10. Roman Emperors Hadrian Marcus Aurelius
wall built across Britain to keep the citizens safe from the “barbarians” to the north.
Marcus Aurelius
emperor highlighted in “Gladiator”
last emperor of the Pax Romana and was known for his interest in philosophy.