1. Macromolecules Functions and Digestion

2. Five Organic Macro (GIANT) molecules
Carbohydrates
PROTEINS c
FATS
NUCLEIC ACIDS (ALL FOODS)

3. Function of each molecule
Carbohydrates- energy molecule
Proteins-structures, signal molecules and enzymes
Lipids- membranes, energy storage
Nucleic Acids- Store Genetic Material

4. Terms
Macro (GIANT) molecules are poly (many) mer (part) molecules made up of mono-(one)-mer(part) units. Carbohydrates – monomers of monosaccharides (saccharides=sugar) Proteins- monomers of amino acids Lipids- monomers of fatty acids and glycerol. Nucleic Acids- monomers of nucleotides

6. DISACCHAARIDES (DI=2 SACCHARIDE = SUGAR

7. Maltase (dIsaccharide)
Shown: Digestion of maltase into 2 monosaccharid es

8. DIGESTION
Digestion: chemically and physically break down organic macromolecules and disaccharides so they are small enough to fit into cells. Physically: chewing, churning of the stomach, bile from the gall bladder Chemically: Enzymes specific for a substrate. Example: Sucrase breaks down the sugar sucrose in the small intestines.

9. Like maltase breaking down maltose
Sample Footer Text
2/17/2019 9

10. Mouth
Chemical Digestion begins in the mouth: Salivary amylase digest starch (a type of carbohydrates) to a monosaccharide of maltose. Note: In project show all other molecules in food also present in the mouth but not chemically digested.

11. Esophagus =travel tube
Travel to the stomach Moves by involuntary muscular action called peristalsis Nothing digested in the stomach Esophageal sphincter – covering between esophagus and stomach – opens to let food into stomach PROJECT – show all molecules moving (can use analogies, an image of an esophagus. ALL molecules are the same size, except for complex carbohydrates – starch.

12. STOMACH
PROTEINS PARTIALLY DIGEST IN THE STOMACH TO SMALLER PROTEINS/PEPTIDES
PR0TEINS=POLYPEPTIDES * All other molecules present

13. Example of what the stomach might look like
Example of what the stomach might look like. Remember the stomach doesn’t have to be a stomach – can use analogies’. This model goes above and beyond by showing water being added to break down molecules (hydrolysis)

17. Surface are of small intestines
Cover a Tennis Court
250 square meters.

18. Large Intestines, Rectum and anus
Large intestines: Absorb water from undigested materials (cellulose, etc) Transfer waste to rectum and out anus.
Large intestines 5 feet long (1.5 meters) – small intestines is 23 feet or (7 meters long)

19. Project
Model each of macromolecule and disaccharide being broken down into smaller and smaller monomer (product) molecules to be used for specific purposes
BE CREATIVE/NICE NEAT AND THOROUGH
Add extras – analogies/chemical structures,
Do not write paragraphs- model process and read rubric carefully. Use GULP, NOTES AND READING.
ALTERNATIVE – DO HAMBURGER DIGESTION PAPER- See directions next page

20. Digestion of hamburger directions
Introduction – include definition and goal of digestion.
-include the four macromolecules – carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid, disaccharides and each function in the body.
2. Then body paragraphs will be organized into digestion of polymers into monomers parts at each location – have a paragraph for mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum (include the enzymes made in the pancreas and their entry into the duodenum (small intestines) and the gall bladder making bile to make fats smaller so lipase can digest them).
3. Then the final paragraph should explain how the monomers are absorbed and provide examples of what the monomers can do in the cells once they move there.
Essay will be about 1 ½ pages – use your own writing. I will grade on content more than writing- but do check for plagiarism.