1. 17 European Renaissance and Reformation, 1300–1600
QUIT 17
CHAPTER
European Renaissance
and Reformation, 1300–1600
Chapter Overview
Time Line 1
Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance
SECTION 2
The Northern Renaissance
SECTION
SECTION 3
Luther Starts the Reformation 4
The Reformation Continues
GRAPH
MAP
SECTION
Visual Summary

2. 17 European Renaissance and Reformation, 1300–1600
HOME 17
CHAPTER
European Renaissance
and Reformation, 1300–1600
Chapter Overview
Two great European movements—the Renaissance and the Reformation—usher in dramatic cultural and social changes. The Renaissance marked the flowering of artistic creativity, while the Reformation led to new Christian beliefs.

3. 17 European Renaissance and Reformation, 1300–1600 HOME Time Line 1300
CHAPTER
European Renaissance
and Reformation, 1300–1600
Time Line
1300 Renaissance begins in Italy.
1513 Machiavelli writes The Prince.
1555 Peace of Augsburg ends religious wars in Germany.
1564 William Shakespeare born.
1300
1600
1455 Gutenberg Bible printed.
1534 Henry VIII becomes head of England’s church, breaking ties with Rome.
1558 Elizabeth I rules England.

4. Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance Key Idea 1
HOME 1
Italy: Birthplace of
the Renaissance
Key Idea
The Renaissance, a period of intellectual and artistic creativity, flourishes in Italy, beginning about Versatile artists transform painting, sculpture, and literature.
Overview
Assessment

5. Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance Overview 1 • Renaissance
HOME 1
Italy: Birthplace of
the Renaissance
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Renaissance
• humanism
• secular
• patron
• perspective
• vernacular
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The European Renaissance, a rebirth of learning and the arts, began in Italy in the 1300s.
Renaissance ideas about classical studies, art, and literature still influence modern thought.
Assessment

6. Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance 1 1
HOME 1
Italy: Birthplace of
the Renaissance
Section 1
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Record the main ideas from the section about the Italian Renaissance.
Renaissance
I. Italy’s advantages
III. Renaissance art and literature
II. Classical and worldly values A. B. C.
Urban centers
Wealthy merchant class
Classical heritage
Humanism
Patronage of arts
New painting techniques
Famous writers
continued . . .

7. Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance 1 1
HOME 1
Italy: Birthplace of
the Renaissance
Section 1
Assessment
2. Name three people from this section whom you regard as a “Renaissance man” or a “Renaissance woman.” Explain your choices. THINK ABOUT
• the idea of the “universal man”
• Castiglione’s description of such a person
• which people from this section seem to match that description
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Michelangelo—architect, sculptor, painter, and poet
Leonardo—painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist
Isabella d’Este—political leader and patron of the arts
continued . . .

8. Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance 1 1
HOME 1
Italy: Birthplace of
the Renaissance
Section 1
Assessment
3. How did the Renaissance revolutionize European art and thought? THINK ABOUT
• changes in ideas since medieval times
• changes in artistic techniques
• changes in artistic subjects
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
• Renaissance scholars rejected some teachings of medieval Christianity and looked to classical writers for inspiration.
• Renaissance artists revolutionized art by using perspective and a more realistic style and by glorifying the individual.
End of Section 1

9. The Northern Renaissance Key Idea 2
HOME 2
The Northern
Renaissance
Key Idea
In the 1400s, Renaissance ideas spread to northern Europe, where German and Flemish masters create distinctive works of art. The books of northern Renaissance writers and philosophers become widely available because of the invention of the printing press.
Overview
Assessment

10. The Northern Renaissance Overview 2 • Utopia • printing press
HOME 2
The Northern
Renaissance
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Utopia
• printing press
• Gutenberg Bible
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
In the 1400s, northern Europeans began to adapt the ideas of the Renaissance.
Renaissance ideas such as the importance of the individual are a strong part of modern thought.
Assessment

11. The Northern Renaissance 2 2
HOME 2
The Northern
Renaissance
Section 2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List important events in the Northern Renaissance.
1400
1600
1455: Gutenberg prints Bible on printing press.
1509: Erasmus writes The Praise of Folly.
1592: Shakespeare writes plays in London.
1494: Dürer studies in Italy.
1516: More writes Utopia.
continued . . .

12. The Northern Renaissance 2 2
HOME 2
The Northern
Renaissance
Section 2
Assessment
2. Choose one Northern Renaissance figure. Explain how he or she was influenced by Renaissance ideas.
THINK ABOUT
• the influence of humanism
• the use of new techniques
• the concept of the Renaissance man or woman
ANSWER
continued . . .

13. The Northern Renaissance 2 2
HOME 2
The Northern
Renaissance
Section 2
Assessment
Possible Responses:
• Dürer was influenced by realism and classical ideas.
• Van Eyck was influenced by realism and helped develop the oil painting.
• Bruegel was interested in realistic details and peasant life.
• Erasmus and More combined humanist and Christian values in their calls for reform.
• Shakespeare was influenced by the classics and wrote in the vernacular.
• Queen Elizabeth was a monarch, a poet, a patron of the arts, and a linguist.
End of Section 2

14. Luther Starts the Reformation Key Idea 3
HOME 3
Luther Starts
the Reformation
Key Idea
Martin Luther, a German monk, challenges the authority of the Catholic Church and triggers the Reformation—a movement for religious reform. The Reformation spreads to England when King Henry VIII breaks ties with the Catholic Church.
Overview
Assessment

15. Luther Starts the Reformation Overview 3 • indulgence • Reformation
HOME 3
Luther Starts
the Reformation
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• indulgence
• Reformation
• Lutheran
• Protestant
• Peace of Augsburg
• annul
• Anglican
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Martin Luther’s protest over abuses in the Catholic Church led to the founding of Protestant churches.
Nearly one-fourth of the Christians in today’s world are Protestants.
Assessment

16. Luther posts the 95 Theses.
HOME 3
Luther Starts
the Reformation
Section 3
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the main cause and several effects of Luther’s action in posting the 95 Theses.
Luther posts the 95 Theses.
Luther protests.
Pope excommunicates Luther.
Tetzel sells indulgences under false pretenses.
Luther declared a heretic.
Lutheran church begins.
German peasants revolt.
Charles V goes to war against Protestant princes of Germany.
continued . . .

17. Luther Starts the Reformation 3 3
HOME 3
Luther Starts
the Reformation
Section 3
Assessment
2. Who do you think had a better reason to break with the Church, Luther or Henry VIII? THINK ABOUT
• why Luther criticized the Church
• what Henry asked the pope to do for him
• the Church’s response to Luther
• the pope’s response to Henry
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Luther’s reasons—legitimate complaints about indulgences and other Church problems; excommunication
Henry’s reasons—his annulments denied; pope’s political maneuvers
continued . . .

18. Luther Starts the Reformation 3 3
HOME 3
Luther Starts
the Reformation
Section 3
Assessment
3. Which of Luther’s ideas do you think might have motivated the peasants to revolt in 1524? Explain.
THINK ABOUT
• Luther’s criticisms of the Church
• what change the peasants demanded
• the actions the peasants took
ANSWER
Possible Response:
The equality of all Christians spurred peasants to demand an end to serfdom. Peasants disrespected Church authority by raiding the monasteries.
End of Section 3

19. The Reformation Continues Key Idea 4
HOME 4
The Reformation
Continues
GRAPH
MAP
Key Idea
John Calvin develops a system of Protestant theology that gains popularity among other European reformers. To stem the spread of Protestantism, the Catholic Church initiates its own reforms.
Overview
Assessment

20. The Reformation Continues Overview 4 • predestination • Calvinism
HOME 4
The Reformation
Continues
GRAPH
MAP
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• predestination
• Calvinism
• theocracy
• Presbyterian
• Anabaptist
• Catholic Reformation
• Jesuits
• Council of Trent
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
John Calvin and other Reformation leaders began new Protestant churches. The Catholic Church also made reforms.
Many Protestant churches began during this period, and many Catholic schools are the result of Catholic reforms.
Assessment

21. The Reformation Continues 4 4
HOME 4
The Reformation
Continues
GRAPH
MAP
Section 4
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Compare the ideas of reformers who came after Luther.
Reformers
Ideas
John Calvin
Anabaptists
Catholic Reformers
People are sinful by nature.
Ideal government is a theocracy.
Only adults baptized
Church and state separate.
Church interpretation of Bible is final.
Need faith and good works to be saved
continued . . .

22. The Reformation Continues 4 4
HOME 4
The Reformation
Continues
GRAPH
MAP
Section 4
Assessment
2. Which of the steps taken by Popes Paul III and Paul IV to reform the Catholic Church do you think were wise? Which were unwise? Explain. THINK ABOUT
• the goals of the reforming popes
• whether the steps clearly addressed those goals
• possible effects of each step
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Wise—Calling the council of cardinals and the Council of Trent helped clarify the Catholic position on controversial issues; approving the Jesuits helped combat Protestantism and spread Catholicism.
Unwise—Using the Inquisition may have made martyrs out of Protestants; creating the Index of Forbidden Books blocked the spread of new ideas.
End of Section 4