1. The Civil Rights Movement

2. Unit Objectives
Understanding the status of African Americans before the Civil Rights Movement
Understanding and analyzing the sparks that started the Civil Rights Movement
Learning and understanding the important figures and events of the era

3. How African-Americans were kept powerless
Black Codes:
Jim Crow Laws:

4. Southern governments eased Black Codes and Jim Crow laws into society because they weren’t sure how the Supreme Court would rule on them, collectively known as “Separate but Equal”
Plessy v Ferguson (1896) confirmed segregation was constitutional as long as the facilities were equal leading to separate facilities for whites and non-whites all over the South
De Facto Segregation: Segregation based on custom and tradition, not written into law

5. Poll Taxes:
Literacy Tests:

6. Intimidation:
KKK and other groups intimidated formers slaves to keep them from voting
Northern indifference:
The federal government did nothing to prevent it

7. Volunteers assist with voter registration in Americus, Georgia, on August 9, Although blacks had long held the legal right to vote, political realities in the South made it difficult for them to register. Racists had discouraged black registration through threats of violence or unfair testing.

8. Beginnings of the Movement
Brown v Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas (1954): Overturned Plessy based on the idea that segregation was unconstitutional discrimination even if the facilities were equal; Spark that started the Civil Rights Movement
A year later the Supreme Court ordered southern states to integrate public schools “with all deliberate speed”; Eventually led to desegregation of all public facilities

9. Southern Manifesto

10. U.S. Deputy Marshals escort 6-year-old Ruby Bridges from William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans in November The first grader was the only black child enrolled in the school.
The U.S. Civil Rights Movement

11. Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) This is an ID
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a city bus and was arrested

12. Martin Luther King, Jr. (also an ID):
Local minister who was selected to lead the boycott and eventually became the leader for the entire movement

13. Rosa Parks is fingerprinted at a police station after her arrest in Montgomery, Alabama.

14. Martin Luther King Jr. (left), Fred Shuttlesworth (center) and Ralph Abernathy (right), three pivotal leaders of the civil rights movement during the 1950s and 1960s, hold a press conference in Birmingham, Alabama, in All were Baptist ministers who led churches in Alabama during the early days of the civil rights movement. In the United States, black churches provided leadership to their communities; the leaders headed the civil rights movement as well.

15. Civil Rights Organizations
The Big Four: 1) Congress of Racial Equality (CORE):

16. Civil Disobedience: Purposely violating an unjust law to make a point usually resulting in arrest
Passive Resistance: non-violent protesting

17. 2) King founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957 and promoted the use of non-violent
resistance
At first focused on voting rights, later others
Why was it so important to avoid using violence, even in self-defense?
Could you use that kind of self-control to make a political point?

18. Demonstrators, including many ministers, picket the F. W
Demonstrators, including many ministers, picket the F.W. Woolworth store in New York, April 14, 1960, in protest of the store's lunch-counter segregation at southern branches of its chain.

19. Members of the North Carolina Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, depicted at the Tottle House lunch counter in Atlanta in 1960, sparked sit-ins by students across the South.

20. 3) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC): Started by college students; Began
with non-violent protests like sit-ins, freedom
rides, March on Washington; Later moved
toward violent protests and protesting the
Vietnam War because African Americans
were often drafted and put on the front lines

21. 4) National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP)