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CHEMICAL BONDS The forces that hold atoms together…

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Presentation on theme: "CHEMICAL BONDS The forces that hold atoms together…"— Presentation transcript:

1 CHEMICAL BONDS The forces that hold atoms together…

2 Bones are the electrons.
Chemical Bonds An atom’s electrons determine how two or more atoms will interact and form chemical bonds. In a sense, the atoms fight over the available electrons in much the same way two or more dogs will fight over bones.  The Dog Bone Analogy works quite well for several types of atomic bonds.  Dogs are the atoms. Bones are the electrons. Another possible analogy: different types of glue (Elmers, super glue, wood glue)

3 Octet Rule 8 (most of the time) 2 (1st energy level)
Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of valence electrons. 8 (most of the time) 2 (1st energy level) 8 is GREAT! or Happy dogs!

4 IONIC BONDS One big greedy thief dog! Ionic bonding can be best imagined as one big greedy dog stealing the other dog's bone.  Another possible analogy: Opposite ends of a magnet sticking together

5 The bone represents the electron that is up for grabs.
IONIC BONDS The bone represents the electron that is up for grabs. The big dog gets the bone and the little dog loses the bone (but wants it back so he stays close by). This is like metals and nonmetals transferring electrons to form ions that attract and stick together.

6 IONIC BONDS Chemical bonding that results from transfer of electrons and electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions. Form between metals (on the left side of the Periodic Table) and non-metals (on the right side of Periodic Table) Metal loses electron(s) and becomes a positive ion Non-metal gains electron(s) and becomes a negative ion The oppositely charged ions are held together because they are strongly attracted to each other.

7 COVALENT BONDS The dogs share the bones.
There are two types of sharing: UNEQUAL EQUAL

8 COVALENT BONDS Bonds formed when electrons are shared
Covalent bonds form between 2 or more nonmetals (on the right side of the Periodic Table) Electrons may be shared equally or unequally. Molecules are formed because atoms sharing electrons must be near each other Other possible analogies: Couple holding hands; Kids playing with the same toy (switching back and forth)

9 METALLIC BONDS Mellow dogs with plenty of bones to go around. They don’t have to worry about sharing!

10 METALLIC BONDS These bonds are best imagined as a room full of puppies who have plenty of bones to go around. This means the dogs are not possessive of any particular bone.  They can eat one for a while and then move on to another one when they get tired of eating the first bone. This is like the electrons in a metal being freely passed around between metal atoms.

11 METALLIC BONDS Atoms don’t hang on tightly to their electrons
Electrons move freely around and between atoms. The electrons move through the substance with little restriction. 

12 METALLIC BONDS The free movement of electrons explains the properties of metals… Good conductors: free movement of electrons Malleable & ductile: bonds are flexible Shiny: energy released as electrons jump back and forth between energy levels


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