1. Classification - TAXONOMY
System to organize all living creatures
plants
animals
microbes
etc.
A good system will
show evolutionary relationships

2. Carolus Linnaeus The Linnean system Homo sapiens proposed in 1700s
binomial nomenclature - each species has a 2 part name
Genus (genera)
species – group of similar organisms that can interbreed AND produce fertile offspring
Ex: female horse and male donkey = mule
mules CANNOT breed => sterile
Therefore horses and donkeys are different species
Homo sapiens
Can also be written H. sapiens

3. Latin - binomial nomenclature
2 part scientific name
Genus — larger group to which organism belongs
always capitalized
species — specific name for that organism
always lowercase
example: Linnaeus named humans Homo sapiens
means “wise man” — perhaps in a show of hope & optimism
Written either italicized OR underlined

4. Why not use common names?
Misleading
Starfish – a fish???
Dragonfly – a lizard???
Confusing
I swim, but I’m still a bird!

5. What kind of names do viruses have?
Example – H1N1
Is that a scientific name?
NO Genus – NO species
WHY????
Viruses are NOT _________!

6. What variety! What similarity!
Diversity of Life
there are so many different creatures on Earth
why are there differences (adaptations)?
Unity of life
all creatures have similarities
common characteristics
why are they so alike?

8. Tree of Life organize creatures by structure & function/behavior
how they are built
how they live
organize them into groups of closely related (evolutionary) creatures
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protists
Bacteria
Archaebacteria

9. How did we get here? Began with 3 groups – Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Next – 2 groups – plants and animals
Plants – usually green; don’t move
Animals – not usually green; move
Invention of microscope – saw cell structures
Invention of electron microscope – saw within cell structures
had to come up with a new system – is still changing

10. Classification System 3 Domains - 6 Kingdoms
Bacteria & Archaebacteria
Eukaryote
Prokaryote

11. 3 Domain/6 Kingdom system
1. Archaebacteria – ALL Prokaryotes
Kingdom Archae
Unicellular, cell wall
Auto AND hetertrophic
Live in harsh conditions – example high temp, high salt, low oxygen, extreme pH
Oldest life forms in the fossil record
2. Eubacteria - ALL Prokaryotes
Kingdom Bacteria
Auto AND heterotrophic
Some harmful – cause disease – ex. Strep throat, E. coli
Some helpful/beneficial – make vitamin K (in large int), yogurt
Prokaryote

12. 3 Domain - 6 Kingdom system
3. Eukaryota - separate organelles in their cells
Protists
Mostly unicellular; No cell wall
Auto AND heterotrophic
Are mobile (can move from place to place)
Ex: ameba, paramecium, algae, euglena
Fungi
Mostly multicellular; cell wall (chitin)
Heterotrophic – decomposers
Sessile – remain in on place
Ex: yeast, mushrooms, mold
Eukaryote

13. 3 Domain - 6 Kingdom system
3. Eukaryota - separate organelles in their cells
Plants
Multicellular; cell wall (cellulose)
Autotrophic - Photosynthesis
Sessile; has complex levels of organization
Ex: moss, ferns, flowers, trees
Animals
Multicellular; has complex levels of organization
Heterotrophic
Mobile at some stage in life cycle
Very diverse group – ex: sponges, insects, worms, birds, fish, humans
Eukaryote

14. Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species
Taxon(taxa) = group
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
Number of organisms in each taxon decreases
TRAITS go from general to specific