1. Repair of large airway defects with bioprosthetic materials
Brooks V. Udelsman, MD, Jessica Eaton, BA, Ashok Muniappan, MD, Christopher R. Morse, MD, Cameron D. Wright, MD, Douglas J. Mathisen, MD 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 152, Issue 5, Pages (November 2016)
DOI: /j.jtcvs
Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Computed tomography scan of the neck and chest demonstrating in both axial (A) and sagittal (B) views a large soft tissue mass involving the trachea and extending from the superior aspect of the aortic arch to the inferior aspect of the carina. Given its size and location, the lesion was not suitable for primary repair.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Patients undergoing airway repair at single tertiary care center between 2008 and Out of a total of 342 cases only 8 required bioprosthetic repair. Underlying etiology of defects requiring bioprosthetic repair included tracheal stenosis, tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)/bronchoesophageal fistula (BEF), neoplasm, and tracheomalacia (TM). Given the wide range of patient age, cases of congenital stenosis were not included in the study analysis.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Aortic homograft repair (small arrow) extending just proximal to the carina (large arrow) as visualized by bronchoscope at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 36 weeks along with similarly timed computed tomography scans. The graft was well incorporated with granulation tissue and no evidence of stricture or malacia was present.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

5. Aortic homograft repair (small arrow) extending just proximal to the carina (large arrow).
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

6. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2016 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions