1. Chapter 10 and Semester Exam Review

2. James Madison
A Virginia delegate to the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention, and is considered the “Father of the Constitution” for his many contributions to the basic structure of our government. He authored the Virginia Plan which proposed representation in the Congress based on population. He supported ratification of the new U.S. Constitution and wrote over a third of the Federalist Papers, promoting its ratification. He proposed the Bill of Rights.
Alexander Hamilton
A delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 from New York. As a proponent of a strong central government, he was one of the authors of The Federalist Papers (essays that promoted the ratification of the Constitution). Appointed by Pres. Washington as the Secretary of the Treasury who developed the republic’s financial plan, which created a national bank, a very controversial issue.

3. George Washington
He sides with the Federalists in the debate over ratification and is elected the First President of the United States in He set many precedents, including: served two terms between 1789 and During his two terms he started regular meetings of his cabinet and supported Alexander Hamilton's plans to deal with war debts and create a currency system for the new nation. He was a Federalist, believing in a strong central government and the responsibility of the wealthy to ensure the wellbeing of all, but he remained open to the opinions of others, especially fellow Virginian Thomas Jefferson. In 1793 he sought to avoid another war with European powers, Britain and France, by issuing the Neutrality Proclamation, a move which incensed pro-French Jeffersonians but heartened Federalists. This stands as one of his greatest accomplishments because it allowed the United States to build a solid system of government, expand westward, and develop a merchant marine to engage in trade without becoming embroiled in another European war.

4. Washington’s
Farewell Address
(1796)
In 1796 George Washington decided not to pursue a third term as President of the United States thereby allowing the election of a successor. His farewell address to his cabinet, delivered on September 17, stressed three dangers facing the nation. The first related to the rise of political parties which he believed could divide Americans and destroy the cooperation needed in government. The second was sectionalism, or political divisions based on geographic loyalties. The third was the involvement in European rivalries that repeatedly drove those nations to war. The last served as a cornerstone of American foreign policy until this country’s involvement in World War I. He also supported the preservation of religion and morality as “the great pillars of human happiness” and educational institutions for the “general diffusion
of knowledge.”

5. Super STAAR 130
Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
61. George Washington’s service as president of the U.S. was an example of He accepted the presidency because he felt it was his duty to serve the people, rather than retire to his plantation.
civic virtue
‘to render service to my country in obedience to its call…’
-George Washington

6. Super STAAR 130 Elastic Clause
Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
62. Alexander Hamilton: a leader of the Federalists, first Treasurer of the United States, and creator of the Bank of the U.S. - killed in a duel by the V. P. of the U. S.
Alexander Hamilton
Elastic Clause
You lie Tom!! The national government must be strong & the bank’s a great idea.
The bank is unconstitutional.
Power to the states & may my V.P. shoot you dead!

7. Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
Super STAAR 130
Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
65. President Washington demonstrated the increased power of the by sending the army to stop the Whiskey Rebellion.
Federal government

8. Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
Super STAAR 130
Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
66. The first were formed as a result of disagreements over the powers of the federal government between Hamilton and Jefferson.
Political parties

9. Super STAAR 130
Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
67. George Washington’s Farewell Address advised the United States to stay “neutral in its relations with other nations” and to avoid “entangling alliances”.
George Washington
The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible....It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world....
- George Washington’s Farewell Address

10. Articles of Confederation 1781
U.S. Constitution
1787
Press
Petition
Assembly
The government does not control the press; media are free from government control
Keep and bear arms
No quartering soldiers
No Illegal search/seizure
Rights of the accused
Fair and speedy trial
Trial by jury
No Excessive bail/cruel & unusual punishment
People rights protected
Reserve clause – rights of states and people
People have the right to assemble peacefully in public places
People can make complaints to the government and ask for government to make changes
Speech
Government cannot people from expressing their viewpoints
Religion
Congress cannot make a law establishing a national religion or preventing the exercise of religion
Executive
– enforces the law
Federalism
Separation of powers
Checks and balances
Republicanism
Individual rights
Popular sovereignty
Limited government
Judicial
– interprets the law
Legislative
– makes laws
Articles of Confederation 1781
the nation’s first constitution; lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage lack of power to
create a national army
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639
the first constitution in the American colonies; extended voting rights to non-church members and limited the powers of the governor, expanded ideas of representative government
Magna Carta 1215
granted rights to noblemen and freemen. Limited power of the king
English Bill of Rights 1689
supported a limited
monarchy, gov’t based of laws made by parliament provided a system of shared power; rights given to ALL Englishmen
House of Burgesses 1619
The First Representative Body in the colonies; Virginia
Mayflower Compact 1620
first system of self-government in America.

11. Southern Colonies - Hot climate, fertile soil, cash crops,
Founding Documents
Revolution Events
exington – 1st battle of the Revolution
eclaration of Independence – Thomas Jefferson
aratoga – US victory - Turning point of Revolution –
Help from France
rticles of Confederation
Valley Forge – American winter camp; forged better army
onstitution – James Madison “Father of Constitution”
orktown – Last major battle of Revolution; British surrender
Jamestown -1st perm. English settlement NH NY MA CT RI
Mayflower Compact – 1st system of self-
gov’t PA NJ MD DE
Declaration of Independence – Freedom from Englsih Rule VA NC
Constitution –Replaced Article of Confed. SC
Southern Colonies GA
- Great Lakes
New England - Long winters, rocky soil, timber, fishing,
shipbuilding, whaling
Mississippi R.
NW Territory
US in 1783
Middle Colonies - subsistence farming, good soil, warm climate
Ohio R.
Atlantic Ocean
Southern Colonies - Hot climate, fertile soil, cash crops,
plantation system
- Appalachian Mtns
Spanish Territory
- Gulf of Mexico