1. ECOLOGY
Part 1

2. Ecology:the study of the interactions of living organisms with each other and their environment.

3. BIOSPHERE: the portion of Earth that supports life . . .
Air
Land
Water

4. Inorganic /Abiotic factors . . . (the non-living environment)
Wind
Temperature
Moisture
Light
Soil
Minerals
Fire

5. Organic / Biotic Factors . . . (the living environment)
Plants
Animals
Protists
Bacteria
Fungi
(All living things containing carbon)

6. Abiotic and Biotic Factors (10:05 min)
Abiotic or biotic factor?

7. Biotic and Abiotic Examples

8. Ecological (Energy) Pyramid
Omnivores eat anything
Carnivores eat meat
Insectivores eat insects
Herbivores eat plants
Producers make own food
Trophic level = feeding step

9. Niche: the role and position a species has in its environment
What it eats
Where it eats
When it eats

10. Food chain - shows how energy flows
producer
herbivore
omnivore
omnivore
producer
1st order consumer
2nd order consumer
3rd order consumer

11. Food web: interconnected food chains
Organisms almost always eat, and are eaten by, many different organisms.

12. chicken
grass
deer
caterpillar
hawk
frog
seeds
snake
beetle
coyote
turkey
human
rabbit

13. ECOLOGY
Part 2

14. Population: a group of organisms of one species that interbreed
and live in the
same place at the
same time.

15. Community:
A group of organisms of different species living together in a particular place.

16. The physical location in which a given species lives.
Habitat:
The physical location in which a given species lives.

17. How energy flows . . . Sun - main source of energy
Autotrophs / producers… can make own food
Heterotrophs / consumers… must eat
Decomposers / saprophytes… fungi & bacteria break down dead materials

18. Symbiosis: close association between two or more organisms of different species.
Commensalism - one benefits, one isn’t affected (eg. Whale & Barnacles)
Mutualism - both benefit (eg. Insects & Plants)
Parasitism - one benefits, one is harmed (eg. Ticks & Dogs)

19. Adaptation: the process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment.
Coloration
Speed

20. Adaptation: the process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment.
Migration
Arctic Tern

21. Adaptation: the process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment.
Thick fur
Chemical defenses
Hibernation/ Estivation
Size (Gigantism & Dwarfism on Islands)
Thorns and stickers

22. Cycles Within Ecosystems:
Water cycle – precipitation and evaporation
Carbon cycle – increasing carbon dioxide traps more heat and causes the “greenhouse effect.”
Nitrogen cycle – (next slide)

23. WATER CYCLE

24. CARBON CYCLE

25. Nitrogen cycle

26. NITROGEN CYCLE

27. Biogeochemical Cycles (10:07 minutes)

28. THE END!