1. Industry and Inventions

2. Industrial Revolution
Began in England in the 18th Century
Very limited American Manufacturing in the 18th century
Technology innovations created a shift toward large-scale production
Picture is of an iron ore plant in Pennsylvania.

3. Industrial Revolution
Spinning jenny
Power loom
Advances made it possible for any unskilled workers to produce cloth
Especially children

4. Free Enterprise and Factories
Samuel Slater
Built first successful water-powered textile mill
Workers and machines together under one roof
Most built near water source for power
People leave farms to work in factories for wages on a set schedule
Factory in Massachusetts

5. Free Enterprise and Factories
New England was ideal setting for growth of American factories
Land was not conducive to farming,
people willing to work in factories
Many fast moving rivers
Near ocean

7. Free Enterprise and Factories
Minimum government interference
Competition, profit, private property, & economic freedom
Many people invested in industry during the War of 1812
Businessmen built factories and grew wealthy

8. Impact on Cities Industrial cities grew the quickest
City disadvantages
Waste disposal was an issue
Fires were a constant threat
Overcrowded living conditions
City advantages
Libraries, museums, shops
Jobs & attractions outweighed the dangers

9. The Lowell Mills Francis Cabot Lowell builds
a factory in Waltham, Mass
Spun cotton into yarn &
wove it into cloth
Figured out how to work
power looms from seeing
them in England
- stole the technology like
Samuel Slater)
Factory was so successful
he built a factory town called
Lowell
Picture of the Lowell Mills

10. The Lowell Mills Lowell mills employed farm girls
Young women came in spite of the noise because of high wages
Older women supervised the girls
Enforced strict rules
The rise in steam powered factories forced the mills to close (and others like them who used water power)

11. New Way to Manufacture Factories did many tasks in one place
Increase efficiency
Eli Whitney
Interchangeable parts
Made each part of a manufactured item exactly alike
Reduced prices of goods
The first picture is an exploded view of the type of guns that Whitney first designed using his interchangeable parts process. The second picture is an exploded view of an LCD tv. The last picture to come up through animation is a Nintendo 3DS.

12. Transportation Revolution
Robert Fulton – creates boat powered by steam to transport people quicker
Fulton used it to commercially to transport people up the Hudson River from New York City to upstate New York
Roads built to connect cities
During the presentation, click the blue box (after the information about the steamboat) behind the title to link to a history.com video about steamboats

13. Communication Revolution
Samuel Morse – creates the telegraph
sends short pulses of electricity along a wire that could be translated into letters
The telegraph took seconds to communicate to someone in another city

14. Click the diagram “How Steam Engines Work” to link to a website that animates the picture

15. Agricultural Revolution
John Deere
Invents a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge
Designed for rich and heavy Midwestern soil
Cyrus McCormick
Invents a mechanical reaper to cut ripe grain
Threshing machine separated kernels of wheat from the husks
New farm equipment opened new markets to grow food

16. #1 & 2 – Steel Plow…#3/4/5 – Mechanical Reaper…#6 & 7 – Threshing Machine (#7 links to the wikipedia site about the threshing machine, which also has a couple of video clips showing how it works)