1. Evolutionary aspects and muscular properties of the trunk—Implications for human low back pain 
Nadja Schilling, Dirk Arnold, Heiko Wagner, Martin S. Fischer 
Pathophysiology 
Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages (December 2005)
DOI: /j.pathophys
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2. Fig. 1
Summary of major steps of the evolutionary development of the body axis in vertebrates with respect to the main mode of locomotion, preferred body axis of axial motion, regions of the axial skeleton, and the overall organization of axial musculature. Epaxial and hypaxial musculature are indicated by light and dark greys, respectively.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Caudal thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord in the laboratory rat. Innervation pattern of epaxial (light grey), hypaxial muscles (dark grey), and the skin (white) by spinal nerves.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Fibre type distribution pattern in the paravertebral musculature of the laboratory rat at different cranio-caudal levels in the thoracic (T), lumbar (L), and sacral (S) region.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions