1. Progressive Presidents

2. Theodore Roosevelt Born into a wealthy New York family
Harvard Educated
Rough Riders/San Juan Hill
26th President of the U.S.( )
Took office after McKinley was assassinated
Big Stick Diplomacy

3. Square Deal domestic program formed upon three basic ideas:
conservation of natural resources
control of corporations
consumer protection
Aimed at helping middle class citizens

4. Trustbuster
Roosevelt ordered the attorney general under Sherman Antitrust Act to file suit against Northern Securities.
Supreme court ruled that Northern Securities did in fact violate the Sherman Trust Act.
“The most powerful men in the country were held to accountability before the law”

7. Trustbuster Cont.
Brought about over 40 antitrust lawsuits against some of the largest corporations in the country.
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
Regulation- Department of Labor would work with large trust to keep them under control.
Regulation without hurting the economy

9. Reform….. Meat Inspection Act (1906)
Required federal inspection of meat sold through interstate commerce.
Required the Agriculture Department to set standards of cleanliness in meat packing plants.
Direct result of The Jungle
Upton Sinclair

10. More Reform…. Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs.
Think labels on the back of the food you buy

12. Conservation Newlands Reclamation Act (1902)
Used federal funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation and land development projects.
Created U.S. Forest Service
Manage the timber resources of the west
Gifford Pinchot

13. More Conservation American Antiquities Act (1906)
Gave power to the president to restrict the use of pubic land owned by the Federal Government.
Used Presidential Power to create
51 Federal Bird Reservations
4 National Game Preserves
150 National Forests
5 National Parks

15. Recap on Teddy…… Name two progressive acts he backed while in office.
Name two more.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
Was Roosevelt a conservationist, and what evidence do you have to support that claim?

16. William Howard Taft Born into the powerful Taft family of Ohio.
Educated at Yale.
Governor General of the Philippines
Secretary of War
27th President of U.S. ( )

17. Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Called a special session of Congress to attempt to lower tariffs.
Progressives (Wanted Lower Tariffs)
Conservative Republicans (High Tariffs)
Essentially cut tariffs very little and actually raised them on some goods.

19. Another Trustbuster?
Taft brought in twice as many antitrust suits in four years as Roosevelt did in seven.
Standard Oil and the American Tobacco Company were two major victories for the Taft administration.
Taft also managed to break up the “sugar trust” of the American Sugar Refining Company

20. Reform… Bureau of Mines (1910) Children’s Bureau (1912)
Monitor the activities of mining companies
Expand national forests
Protect water power sites from development
Children’s Bureau (1912)
This agency investigated and publicized the problems of child labor
Exists to this day, dealing with issues such as child abuse prevention, adoption, and foster care.

21. Recap on Taft……
Name two progressive reforms he backed while in office.
Can you name two more?
Would you say Taft successfully lowered Tariffs? If yes explain. If no explain.
What is a Tariff?

23. Woodrow Wilson Born into a slave holding family from Virginia
Educated at Princeton and John Hopkins
President of Princeton University
Governor of New Jersey
28th President of U.S. ( )

24. Governor of New Jersey Introduced the Direct Primary
Established utility regulatory boards
Allowed cities to set up commissioner form of government
Within 2 years New Jersey became a model of what a PROGRESSIVE state should be

25. Tariffs and Banks Underwood Tariff (1913)
Reduced average tariff on imported goods to half the tariff rate of the 1890’s
Established the Graduated Income Tax
you make more $$$$ you pay the Government more in taxes.

26. Table 1. 2015 Taxable Income Brackets and Rates
Single Filers
Married Joint Filers
Head of Household Filers
10%
$0 to $9,225
$0 to $18,450
$0 to $13,150
15%
$9,225 to $37,450
$18,450 to $74,900
$13,150 to $50,200
25%
$37,450 to $90,750
$74,900 to $151,200
$50,200 to $129,600
28%
$90,750 to $189,300
$151,200 to $230,450
$129,600 to $209,850
33%
$189,300 to $411,500
$230,450 to $411,500
$209,850 to $411,500
35%
$411,500 to $413,200
$411,500 to $464,850
$411,500 to $439,000
39.6%
$413,200+
$464,850+
$439,000+

27. Federal Reserve Act Federal Reserve Act (1913)
Allowed national supervision of the banking system
Government could set the interest rates
Control amount of money in circulation

29. More Trust-busting… Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)
Banned price discrimination, (could not charge different customers different prices)
Gave workers unions the right to exist
Corrected loopholes in the Sherman Anti-Trust Act

30. Busting more trusts…. Federal Trade Commission (1914)
Monitor American business
Prevent unfair trade practices that hurt competition
Enforce the Clayton Anti-Trust Act

32. Reform… Adamson Act (1916) Keating-Owen Child Labor Act (1916)
Established 8 hour work day for railroad workers
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act (1916)
Prohibited the employment of children under the age of 14

34. Other Reforms 19th Amendment (Women’s Suffrage)
16th Amendment(Federal Income Tax)
17th Amendment (Direct Election of Senators)

35. Recap on Wilson……. What is a trust?
Name two progressive reforms Wilson passed.
What two significant reforms dealing specifically with labor were passed under Wilson?