1. Chapter 1: Earth as a System
Earth Science
Chapter 1: Earth as a System

2. Chapter 1.1 – A New View of Earth

3. Past vs. Present Approaches
Scientist studied Earth as a series of parts
Specializing in specific areas

4. Past vs. Present Approaches
Scientist studied Earth as a series of parts
Specializing in specific areas
Recently scientist began studying Earth as a whole - called:
Earth System Science

5. Describe how Earth System Science is different from past approaches

6. Models
Scientists use models as a representation of an object, process or phenomenon.
Especially when something is really big or small.
i.e. globes, maps,
atomic structure.

7. Give another example of a model

8. Systems
A kind of model
2 Types
Open and Closed

9. Systems A kind of model 2 Types Open and Closed
Open System: Both energy and matter enter and leave

10. Systems A kind of model 2 Types Open and Closed
Open System: Both energy and matter enter and leave
Closed System: energy may enter but matter doesn’t enter or leave

11. Earth as a Closed System
Energy enters from the sun and is reflected back
Hydrogen atoms enter space
Meteorites enter the atmosphere
However Earth’s mass remains relatively the same

12. Use the Venn Diagram to compare and contrast an open and closed system
Why do scientists consider Earth an essentially closed system?

13. Chapter 1.2: The Earth System’s Four Spheres

14. The Earth System’s – Four Spheres
Atmosphere
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere

15. Atmosphere Gaseous envelope Provides Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Blocks harmful radiation
Water vapor creates humidity and clouds
Atmospheric pressure cause wind

16. Geosphere Earth itself The Crust Mantle and core
Includes: rocks, mountains, beaches, ocean basins
Mantle and core

17. Hydrosphere All the water at or near the Earth’s surface
Includes: oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, ice, and snow
Most is salty
3% is fresh water – most is frozen
½ % is usable fresh water
All water is continually recycled

18. Biosphere
All living things on Earth
Depends on the other spheres

19. Interactions among the Spheres
Four sphere are constantly moving, changing, and interacting.
Volcanoes, Plants, Humans, Erosion, Temperature changes

20. Chapter 1.3 – Cycles and the Earth

21. Water Cycle Continuous circulation of water through the hydrosphere
The energy from the sun drives the cycle

23. Carbon Cycle A biogeochemical cycle Carbon – building block of life
Is present in all living things
Enters atmosphere as CO2
Plants remove CO2  release oxygen
- phytoplankton in ocean

25. Energy Cycle
Energy enters and leaves
3 Types

26. Energy Cycle Energy enters and leaves 3 Types
1. Solar – 99% of earths energy come from the sun

27. Energy Cycle Energy enters and leaves 3 Types
1. Solar – 99% of earths energy come from the sun
2. Geothermal – decay of radioactive materials – drives the movement of Earth’s lithosphere (volcanoes, geysers, earthquakes)

28. Energy Cycle Energy enters and leaves 3 Types
1. Solar – 99% of earths energy come from the sun
2. Geothermal – decay of radioactive materials – drives the movement of Earth’s lithosphere (volcanoes, geysers, earthquakes)
3. Tidal – pull of the moon and sun on ocean waves

29. Laws of Thermodynamics
How heat energy is converted into other forms of energy.
 How energy flows

30. 1st Law
Energy can never be created or destroyed.  Only change from one form to another Example: Solar energy can be stored in plants Plants die  fossil fuels

31. 2nd Law
When energy changes, it is converted from a more useful, more concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form.

32. Why is the energy budget more appropriately described as a balance, while the water and carbon cycles are more accurately described as circles?

33. 1. An example of a biogeochemical cycle is the ____________?

34. An example of a biogeochemical cycle is the ____________?
Carbon Cycle

35. 2. Human being are part of the _____________, one of the four spheres of Earth.

36. 2. Human being are part of the _____________, one of the four spheres of Earth. Biosphere

37. The largest source of energy for the Earth system is ______________?

38. The largest source of energy for the Earth system is ______________?
Solar Energy

39. 4. To understand how something works, scientists may create a ______________ of it.

40. 4. To understand how something works, scientists may create a ______________ of it. Model

41. 5. The name give to the study of Earth that looks at the planet as a whole is called _______________?

42. 5. The name give to the study of Earth that looks at the planet as a whole is called _______________? Earth system science

43. 6. A _______________ is a sequence of events that repeats.

44. 6. A _______________ is a sequence of events that repeats. Cycle

45. 7. A river and a pond are both parts of the ________________?

46. 7. A river and a pond are both parts of the ________________
7. A river and a pond are both parts of the ________________? Hydrosphere