2. Literal vs. figurative meanings
Literal – the actual dictionary definition of the word or words
Figurative – the symbolic meaning of the word or words

3. Allegory A narrative that serves as an extended metaphor.
In an allegory, the characters, the setting and the mood all have both literal and figurative meanings.

4. SATIRE
Uses ridicule to make certain people, events or institutions appear foolish

5. Allusion
A reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects a reader to recognize.

6. A brief, often humorous tale that presents a moral or message
FABLE
For example, the fable of the Tortoise and the Hare.
What is the moral of the story?