1. Minerals

2. Opening: Look at the following pictures.
Decide if each object is mineral or a rock.
Write your answers on the index card provided.

3. 1. Mineral or Rock?

4. 2. Mineral or Rock?

5. 3. Mineral or Rock?

6. 4. Mineral or Rock?

7. 1. Mineral: (Biotite)

8. 2. Mineral: (Olivine)

9. 3. Mineral: (Quartz)

10. 4. Mineral: (Muscovite)

11. What is a mineral?
A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition

12. 5 Characteristics that all minerals share
Naturally occurring
Inorganic
Solid
Crystal structure
Definite chemical composition

13. Naturally Occurring
Naturally Occurring means that the substance must occur in nature, it can not be created or manufactured by people.

14. Inorganic
Inorganic means that a mineral can not come from something that was once living.

15. Solid
A Solid has a definite volume and shape, its particles are tightly packed together and can not move easily.

16. Definite chemical composition
Definite chemical composition means that a mineral always contains certain elements in definite, or exact, proportions
Almost all minerals are compounds in which two or more elements are combined so they no longer have their distinct properties.
Some elements occur in a pure form in nature and are considered minerals (almost all are metals such as copper, silver, and gold)

17. Crystal structure
Crystal structure means the particles that make a mineral line up in a pattern that repeats over and over again, this pattern creates a crystal. A crystal has flat sides called faces that meet at sharp edges and corners

18. Crystal structure

19. Watch “Crystals” by Brainpop…
.What element are diamonds made from?
. What do all crystals have in common?

20. Groups of Minerals
Minerals are grouped by the elements they are made of.
Beryl (Emerald)
Calcite
Amethyst

21. Contain oxygen & silica The most abundant group of minerals
Mineral Group
Characteristics
Examples
Silicates
Contain oxygen & silica
The most abundant group of minerals
Quartz, mica
MICA
Quartz

22. Make up only 5% of the Earth’s crust
Mineral Group
Characteristics
Examples
Non-Silicates
Make up only 5% of the Earth’s crust
Include some of the most important minerals
iron, copper, gold, silver, diamonds, rubies
Silver
Copper
Diamond
Gold
Iron
Ruby

23. How do minerals form?
1) Cooling of magma (hot, liquid rock and minerals inside the earth (from the mantle))
Fast Cooling = No Crystals (mineraloids)
Medium Cooling = small crystals
Slow Cooling = large crystals

24. How do minerals form?
2) Elements dissolved in liquids (usually water)