1. Reviving the Electric Car

2. History
1902 Woods Electric Phaeton
1911 Baker Electric
1832 Robert Anderson invents a non-rechargeable electric carriage.
1835 Thomas Davenport builds the first practical electric vehicle and receiving a patent for the first electric motor in 1837.
1859 French physicist Gaston Planté invents the rechargeable lead-acid battery.
1891 William Morrison of Des Moines, Iowa builds the first successful electric automobile in the United States.
1900 One-third of all cars found on the roads of New York City, Boston, and Chicago are electric.

3. History 1908 Henry Ford introduces the gasoline-powered Model T.
Victor Wouk with 1972 Buick Skylark Hybrid
1975 Sebring-Vanguard-CitiCar
1908 Henry Ford introduces the gasoline-powered Model T.
1912 Charles Kettering invents the electric automobile starter. Eliminating the need for a hand crank starter on gasoline powered vehicles.
1972 Victor Wouk builds the first full-size hybrid vehicle
1974 Vanguard-Sebring's CitiCar is introduced it has a top speed of 30 mph and a 40 mile range.
1975 The U.S. Postal Service purchases 350 electric delivery jeeps from AM General.

4. History 1996 General Motors Saturn EV1 is released.
Chevrolet Volt Concept Car
1996 General Motors Saturn EV1 is released.
1997 Toyota introduces the Prius, the first mass-produced hybrid.
2003 General Motors announces that it will not renew leases on the EV1.
2007 General Motors unveils the Chevrolet Volt concept car.
2008 Tesla Motors begins production of the Tesla Roadster

5. 1904 Baker Electric Stanhope
Horsepower – 1.75
Top Speed – 14 mph
3 Speed Transmission
Range – 40 miles
Weight – 975 lbs
Shaft drive
$1600

6. 1975 Sebring-Vanguard CitiCar
Horsepower – 3.5
Top Speed – 44 mph
3 Speed Transmission
Range – 50 miles
Weight – 1475 lbs
Direct Drive
Full charge in 6 hours
$3500

7. 1998 Saturn EV1 Horsepower – 137 Top Speed – 80 mph (regulated)
Range – 75 to 130 miles
Weight – 3084 lbs
Full charge in 6 hours
$33,995 ($349 per month lease)

8. Saturn EV1 Today

9. Tesla Roadster Horsepower – 248 Top Speed – 125 mph
2 Speed Transmission
Range – 220 miles
Full charge in 3.5 hrs (with 70 amp home charging station)
Shaft Drive
Weight – lbs
$109,000 (2009)

10. Tesla Roadster Factory Options
Premium Audio Package $2,000
Custom seats $2,500
Painted Carbon Fiber Hard Top/Exposed Carbon Fiber Hard Top $3,200/$5,000
Metallic or Premium Exterior Paint $500/$1,000
High Power Connector: 40 amp/70 amp $1,500/$2,000
Mobile Connector $1,200
Fully loaded- $122,700

11. Tesla Roadster Performance
Continuous Torque
0-60 in 3.9 seconds
125 mph top speed

12. Tesla Roadster

13. Tesla Roadster Battery Technology
6,831 Lithium Ion batteries (laptop)
Each cell is independent
100,000 mile life expectancy
Non-hazardous waste
Recyclable
Accounts for $20,000 of the cost of the vehicle
The small-cell approach provides inherent system reliability, redundancy and safety
characteristics.
• Tesla’s ESS contains 6831 cells, arranged in 11 modules in series, with 9 “bricks” in series
per module, and 69 parallel cells per brick. This design provides for graceful pack
degradation since a single cell failure will only degrade performance by 1/69th, and probability
dictates that the Tesla ESS can likely absorb multiple cell failures across the 99 bricks
without compounded performance degradation.
• Passive current sharing between parallel cells means that the (healthiest) cells with higher
capacity and lower impedance carry more of the current load.
• The highly modular design of Tesla’s ESS allows for multiple layers of over-current and
over/under-voltage protection at the brick, module and pack level.
• Smaller cells have a higher surface-to-volume ratio, which reduces challenges associated
with effective thermal management. In particular, Tesla’s ESS is designed to contain thermal
runaway to a single cell and inhibit propagation.

14. Battery Cost

15. Tesla Roadster Energy Efficiency

16. Tesla Roadster Energy Efficiency

17. Per Mile Cost
At $.06 US per KWh, a battery-powered car costs $.02-$.03 per mile on grid electricity
Tesla Roadster cost is calculated using average winter/summer PG&E schedule E-9 off-peak “rate A” tariff, as of March 1, 2007.

18. Per Mile Cost Comparison

19. Tesla Roadster Energy Efficiency- Solar
“…the panels produce about $3,200 worth of transportation fuel plus about $600 worth of home energy, for a total of about $3,800 per year.”- Martin Eberhard
Power generation plants, even coal burning ones, are inherently more efficient and less polluting than vehicles due to economies of scale and the ability to more efficiently remove pollutants from a smaller number of much larger fixed locations.
Also, an electric car is far more efficient than a gasoline car, so the amount of pollution generated by producing the electricity to drive an EV a given distance is much less than the pollution from the gasoline to drive an internal combustion car the same distance. Whereas a combustion engine car – even those powered by hydrogen, ethanol, and biodiesel – can make use of around 20 percent of the energy that it consumes, a battery electric car like the Tesla Roadster is able to put more than 80 percent of the energy it consumes to use in moving the car down the road.

20. Tesla Roadster Maintenance
12,000 miles/12 months
Reduced Maintenance
No motor oil or oil filters to change
No smog equipment to check
No air filters to replace
No power steering fluids to refill

21. Tesla Business Model
Electric vehicle technology without sacrificing performance or style.
Competitive price point with other “supercars”.
High end technology can be optimized and reused on more accessible vehicles.
Plans for WhiteStar sedan are in the works.

22. Obstacles Start-up car company Lithium Ion battery costs
Range concerns
Price and consumer acceptance
Market