1. Warm Up – February 26 Take out a sheet of paper Short Answer Practice:
Answer parts a, b and c
a) Identify and explain ONE example of a technological development that facilitated commerce along trade networks in Eurasia during the period 600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.
b) Identify and explain ONE cultural effect of commerce along trade networks in Eurasia during the period 600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.
c) Identify and explain ONE example of a political development that led to an increase in trade along trade networks in Eurasia during the period 600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.

2. Short Answer Responses
Part A.
One example of a technological development that facilitated commerce along trade networks in Eurasia during the period 600 BCE to 600 CE was the use of ships.
One example was the use of ships.

3. Short Answer Responses
One example was the use of ships.
Ships were used to transport goods on the Indian Ocean trade routes.
Using ships made transporting goods cheaper and civilizations were able to transport more goods when compared to the use of camels on the Silk Road.

4. Short Answer Response
One example was the use of ships. Ships were used to transport goods on the Indian Ocean trade routes. Using ships made transporting goods cheaper and civilizations were able to transport more goods when compared to the use of camels on the Silk Road.

5. Short Answer Response First Sentence – Identify
Second Sentence – Explain
Third Sentence – Provide an specific example

6. Period 3: 600-1450 (Regional and Trans-regional interaction)
High Middle Ages Europe from 1000 to 1300

7. Change in Western Europe
By the year 1000 = invasions from outsiders (Vikings, Muslims, Magyars) had stopped
Either stopped or were absorbed into western European society
Result = peace and stability = things took a positive turn in Western Europe
At the same time = general climate change  warmer conditions = better agriculture

8. Change in Western Europe
Population of Europe more than doubled
Increased agriculture
More agriculture = more trade
Major European centers of trade:
Northern Europe from England to the Baltic coast
Italian towns such as Florence, Genoa, and Venice

9. Change in Western Europe
Large European trading fairs held  merchants from Northern and Southern Europe met to trade products from their respective areas
Medieval Trade Fair

10. Medieval Trade Fairs

11. Change in Western Europe
This led to the growth of banking
Moneychangers exchanged one currency for another
Also took deposits and arranged loans
Set up ways to transfer money from one place to another

12. Change in Western Europe
Increased population = increased urbanization
Growth of cities/towns and different groups within them
Merchants
Bankers
Artisans
Lawyers, doctors, and scholars

13. Change in Western Europe
Guilds = business associations organized by merchants and artisans in the same line of work
Created rules concerning foreign trading, pricing of goods, wages, etc.

14. Guilds
Guilds were controlled by masters = artisans who owned their own shops and tools

15. Guilds
Apprentices worked for masters to learn the craft --> were not paid
Apprentices became journeymen and received pay
To become a master, had to submit a sample of his work to the guild for approval

16. Growth of Towns A number of towns in western Europe grew tremendously
Townspeople built walls around towns for protection
Buildings were mostly made of wood, making fire a constant hazard

18. Growth of Towns
Cities were dirty, smelled terribly, and had almost no sanitation
Garbage and sewage tossed into the streets
Caused the rapid spread of diseases such as typhoid, influenza, and malaria
Could become epidemics

19. Black Death
Worst = Bubonic Plague ( ) --> killed 1/3 of the population = called the Black Death

21. Ring Around the Rosie Ring around the Rosie A pocketful of posies
Ashes, ashes
We all fall down

22. Pope Urban II calling for the Crusades
The Crusades = a series of 9 “holy wars” led by European Christians to recapture the holy lands and spread Christianity
Lasted several centuries
Authorized by the Pope
Belief that it was “God’s command”
Pope Urban II calling for the Crusades

23. The Crusades

24. Crusades Reading Answer the following questions on a post it:
1. What was one of the most important effects of the Crusades?
2. What effects on European economy did increased trade with the Middle East have?
3. What was created as a result of the European middle class acquiring more power?
4. How did the Crusades help bring an end to Feudalism?
5. What effects did the Crusades have on the Arab world?

25. The Crusades
Participants = knights, peasants, middle-class, nobles, kings, church authorities  all walks of life!
Participants received:
Indulgences = removed any penalties for their confessed sins
Immunity from lawsuits
Cancellation of debts
Honor and glory

26. The Crusades
Most famous Crusades = those aimed at reclaiming Jerusalem and other holy places in the Middle East from the Muslims
Crusaders = very violent
1099 = seizure of Jerusalem  thousands of Muslims and Jewish people slaughtered

27. The Crusades Other targets of the Crusaders:
Muslims on the Iberian Peninsula (Spain)
Lands along the Baltic Sea
The Byzantine Empire and Russia
Enemies of the Popes
Opponents of the Catholic Church

28. The Crusades: Results Relatively unsuccessful Little lasting impact
Increased power of the popes
As a result of contact with the Islamic world, Europeans gained:
A demand for Asian goods
Muslim scholarship
Techniques for producing sugar on large-scale plantations

29. The Crusades: Results
Greater rift between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism
Growth of anti-Semitism
Solidified cultural barriers

30. TOD: February 26
Answer the following questions on the same sheet of paper you wrote the short answer on:
1. What was one positive effect and one negative effect of the rise of towns in Western Europe in the High Middle Ages?
2. What was the purpose of the Crusades? Why can the Crusades be considered a ”successful failure” for Christians in Western Europe?