1. _PAIN IN BABIES
宋子贤

2. Why they cry?
Hungry?
Unhappy?
Diaper is wet?
Noisy?
Pain

3. Effects of pain Inadequate oxygen supply
Increased requirement for oxygen
Reduction in the efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs
Cause a rise in stomach acidity
May be aspirated into the lung
Reduced efficiency of the immune system
Increased morbidity and mortality
Aggression and self-destructive behavior, including suicide

4. Specialty
Lower threshold to stimulation
They cannot tell

5. Diagnosis Crying Irritable Disturbed sleep pattern Feeds poorly
Fearful, distrustful reaction
Blood pressure and stress hormone levels

6. ChIPPS (Children and Infants Postoperative Pain Scale)
Item
Score 0
Score 1
Score 2
Crying
None
Moaning
Screaming
Facial expression
Relaxed smiling
Wry mouth
Grimacing
Posture of the trunk
Neutral
Variable
Rear up
Posture of the legs
Kicking
Tightened
Motor restlessness
Moderate
Restless
0 - 3 No requirement for treating pain,
Progressively greater need for analgesia.

7. Treatment Measures not involving medication
Comforting
Oral stimulation
Oral sugar
Other techniques

8. Treatment Measures involving medication
Local anesthetics
Analgesics
Side effects

9. References
Anand KJS, Sippell WG, Aynsley-Green A. Randomized trial of fentanyl anaesthesia in preterm babies undergoing surgery: effects on stress response. Lancet 1987;1:62-66.
Anand KJS, Scalzo FM. Can Adverse Neonatal Experiences Alter Brain Development and Subsequent Behavior? Biology of the Neonate, 2000: 77(2); 69-82
Anand KJS, Hickey PR. Pain and its effects in the human neonate and fetus. The New England Journal Of Medicine, 1987, Volume 317, Number 21: Pages
Anand KJS, et al. Summary Proceedings From the Neonatal Pain-Control Group. Pediatrics, 2006, Vol. 117 No. 3, pp. S9-S22 doi: /peds C.
Fitzgerald M, Beggs S. The neurobiology of pain: developmental aspects. Neuroscientist. 2001;7:
Howard RF. Developmental Factors and Acute Pain in Children. in Pain 2005 – An Updated Review: Refresher Course Syllabus, ed. Justins DM. IASP Press, Seattle, 2005.
"IASP definition, full entry". Retrieved 6 October This often quoted definition was first formulated by an IASP Subcommittee on Taxonomy: Bonica, JJ (1979). "The need of a taxonomy.". Pain 6 (3): 247–252. doi: / (79) ISSN  PMID  It is derived from Harold Merskey's 1964 definition: "An unpleasant experience that we primarily associate with tissue damage or describe in terms of tissue damage or both." Merskey, H (1964). An Investigation of pain in psychological illness, DM Thesis. Oxford University.
Koeslag J. The Human Lifecycle, Part 19. Development Of Communication. Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch. Online version
Zeskind PS. Cross-Cultural Differences in Maternal Perceptions of Cries of Low- and High-Risk Infants. Child Development, 1983;Vol. 54, No. 5, DOI / Online Version
Buttner W, Finke W. Analysis of behavioral and physiological parameters for the assessment of postoperative analgesic demand in newborns, infants and young children: a comprehensive report on seven consecutive studies. Paediatric Anaesthesia. 2000; 10:

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