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Rome: The Republic, The Empire, and The Fall

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Presentation on theme: "Rome: The Republic, The Empire, and The Fall"— Presentation transcript:

1 Rome: The Republic, The Empire, and The Fall

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3 A Vast and Powerful Empire
Efficient government with able rulers Augustus Secured the frontier, glorified Rome with big/beautiful public buildings, set up a civil service The Civil Service managed the government Collected taxes, managed supply of goods, postal system Trade Agriculture 90% Farmers Constantine accepts Christianity in 312

4 So Why Did Rome Fall? Weak Economy Military and Political Trouble
Disrupted trade No more expansion = No more plunder Raised taxes – Inflation Poor crops due to depleted soil Military and Political Trouble Soldiers and citizens lacked loyalty to the throne Mercenaries Threat from northern tribes Capitol moved from Rome to Byzantium in 324 Renamed Constantinople Power shift – range of power

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6 Essentially . . . Rome preserved and added to Greek Culture
Legacy of Rome: Latin, the language of the Romans remained even after the Fall Architecture Master Builders: Coliseum, Aqueducts System of Laws

7 Rome was a vast and powerful empire
Ancient to Medieval Rome was a vast and powerful empire Efficient government with able rulers The rise of Christianity Edict of Milan in 313 Constantine accepts Christianity

8 Crash course

9 The Role of the Medieval Church

10 Christian expansion The fall of Rome Ancient to Medieval
Balance of power Emperor/King and the Pope The fall of Rome Weak economy Military and political trouble

11 How did the Decline of Rome affect the Catholic Church?
Catholic Church was the dominant spiritual influence in Western Europe For most the Church was the center of their lives Smaller number of Jews, Muslims, and non-Catholic Christians Decline of Rome in 400s allowed the church to assume many political and social tasks.

12 The Pope The Bishop of Rome
strongest political leader in Western Europe and claimed spiritual authority over all Christians.

13 Teachings of the Church
All people are sinners and dependent on God’s grace. The only way to receive grace is by taking part in the sacraments Baptism Penance Eucharist (communion) Confirmation Matrimony Anointing of the sick Holy orders

14 Limited Understanding of church ritual
Masses were said in Latin, which few people understood Priests were poorly educated and did not teach effectively Few worshippers could read or write

15 Where did their understanding come from?

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17 What the average person learned came from statues, paintings, and stained glass windows that adorned churches

18 Power through Canon Law (own Church laws)
Power of the Church Power through Canon Law (own Church laws) courts with power over lords and kings Withholding of the sacraments used as punishment

19 Power of the Church Feudal ties led to receiving of land from nobles in return for ensuring their salvation also provided Wealth political power However, political power undermined spiritual validity nobles gained more influence over the church able to place relatives in church positions despite little devotion to spiritual calling.

20 Call for Reform (900s) by devout Christians
Wanted to free church from control of feudal lords Wanted church, not the state, to be final authority in Western society

21 Church Council 1095 Declared that political leaders could no longer elect the pope a gathering of cardinals High-Church officials in Rome that ranked directly below the pope Also insisted that the Pope, not secular rulers (lords/kings), should appoint bishops, and other church officials

22 Church structure activity…

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