1. Chinggis/Genghis Khan (r. 1206-27)

2. Khanate of the Golden Horde
Chaghatay Khanate
Il-Khanate
Great Khanate of China and Mongolia

3. Khanate of the Golden Horde a.k.a. Qipchaq
Tatars Saray

4. 1257-67 Reign of Berke, who converts to
Islam
Reign of Uzbeg, who converts to
Islam, suppresses pagan priests and
founds New Saray
1359 Civil war breaks out in Khanate of the
Golden Horde
1377 Toqtamish takes control, comes into
conflict with Timur Lang

5. Il-Khanate, founded by Hulagu (d. 1265),
who became Il-Khan

6. 1265 Death of Hulagu heralds conflict among
Mongol nobility of Il-Khanate
Reign of Ghazan, who converts to Islam
and orders destruction of churches,
synagogues and Buddhist temples Tabriz
Reign of Uljaytu, who builds new capital
at Sultaniya
1335 Death of Abu Sa‘id (r ) followed by
civil war and fragmentation of Il-Khanate

7. Tomb of Öljeitü, Sultaniya, Iran (bt. 1307-13)

8. Chaghatay Khanate, named after Chaghatay
From Transoxiana to Xinjiang, incl. Tarim
Basin
Bukhara Kebek
(r )
Uighurs

9. 1326-34 Reign of Tarmashirin, who converts
from Buddhism to Islam and imposes
faith on nobility
1327 Nobility rebel against Tarmashirin
1334 Khanate divided into Moghulistan in
north-east and Transoxiana, which
degenerates into fragmented region
riven with internal conflict

10. Great Khanate of China and Mongolia
Yuan dynasty
1350s Chinese hostility to Mongols turns into
series of religiously-based rebellions
1368 Yuan rulers overthrown. Foundation of
Ming dynasty