1. mycology

2. HISTORY…
150 YEARS BACK AUGUSTINO BASSI in Italy established that a fungus Beauveria bassiana was cause of disease in silk worm

3. In 1910 RAYMOND JACQUES SABOURAUD published monumental work on dermatophytes “LESTEIGNES” He is known as FATHER OF MEDICAL MYCOLOGY

4. Les Teignes lesions

5. Many modern molecular techniques and others were developed to study the medical mycology but some are still in darkness…
ex:1.classification of parafungal organisms
2.some organisms such as Lacazia ioboi cultures are not done successfully

7. Ecological group of fungi
1.Soil fungi 2.Aquatic fungi 3.Coprophilus fungi 4.Entomogenous fungi 5.Predacious fungi 6.Marine fungi 7.Osmophilic fungi 8.Thermophilic fungi

10. DEFNITION
The branch of biology which deals with study of fungi mushroom=mykes =fungi in Latin

11. MEDICAL MYCOLOGY Study of fungal Epidemiology Ecology Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Treatment In humans.

12. Myco as misnomer… prefix “Myco” has been given to few bacteria
ex: Mycoplasma
mycobacterium
mycosis fungoides
???

13. MORPHOLOGY Fungi are eukaryotic protista
rigid cell wall =chitin,mannan,
polysaccharides
cytoplasm membrane=sterols
contains true nucleus,
nuclear membrane,
paired chromosomes.

15. Glossary unicellular budding yeast HYPHAE
MYCELIUM (vegetative and aerial)
SPORANGIOSPORES
CONIDIA
CONIDIOPHORES
ASCOSPORES
BASIDIUM

18. CLASSIFICATIONS…
MORPHOLOGICAL
TAXONOMICAL

19. Morphological classification
NAME EXAMPLE 1.Yeast Cryptococcus neoformans 2.Yeastlike Candida sps 3.Moulds dermatophytes 4.Dimorphic blastomycetes

21. Method of reproduction

22. Several fungal infections are emerging…
WHY???

23. PREDISPOSING FACTORS
1.More aggressive treatment modalities 2. Immunocompremised 3.AIDS 4.Prosthetic devices 5.Antibiotics 6.Iv drug abusing 7.Catheter usage

24. These predisposed factors leads to increased chances of fungal infections…
The same fungal agent can produce different manifestations depending on underlying situation

25. Based on the wide spectrum of adaptability various fungi are categorized in to
1.pathogenic fungi
2.opportunistic fungi
3.toxigenic fungi
4.allergenic fungi

26. Based on primary site of infection 1
Based on primary site of infection 1.superficial mycosis tinea or ring worm 2.cutaneous mycosis dermatophytosis 3.sub cutaneous mycosis mycotic mycetoma 4.systemic mycosis coccidiomycosis 5.opportunistic mycosis aspergillosis

28. EMERGING AND REMERGING DISEASES

29. Out breaks due to fungal infections do occur but only in SPORADIC forms and epidemic have not been reported
ex :incidence of cryptococcal meningitis cases by cryptococcus neoformans has increased 1000fold in new York city alone

30. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
1.DIRECT MICROSCOPY KOH preparation Calcoflour white Gram staining Indian ink preparation

31. CULTURE: SDA agar BHI agar czapek dox medium corn meal agar incubated at22c for 1wk identification

32. 3. Serological tests : agglutinations CFT,CIE ELISA,RIA 4
3.Serological tests : agglutinations CFT,CIE ELISA,RIA 4.Skintests:histoplasmin test 5.Molecular methods: PCR,DNA probes 6.Typing methods 7.Animal inoculation

33. SIGNIFICANCE OF FUNGI

34. USES
1.Recycling 2.As food 3.Flavouring agents 4.Russian or Manchurian tea 5.Fermentation 6.Antibiotic preparation 7.ergot-claviceps(as vasoconstricting agent) 8.Vaccine preparation and many more….

35. Harmful effects
1.Fungal diseases 2.Mycotoxicosis 3.Mycetismus 4.Bread moulds 5.Biological warfare's