1. The oral health condition and treatment needs assessment of elderly villagers in central Nepal

2. Objectives
Oral health is integral to an older adult's general health and quality of life, and basic oral health services are an essential component of primary health care. 
A study was conducted of elderly population in a few villages of central Nepal with limited access to regular oral health care services to evaluate their oral health status, to perform an assessment of the need for oral treatment and to determine the possible predicting value of age, gender and income level on their oral health status and treatment needs.

3. Materials and Methods
The oral health survey included questionnaires and oral examination. Oral examination was carried out by two calibrated examiners. A structured interview on socio- economic status, oral health habits and a clinical evaluation of oral health status and treatment needs were recorded. 

4. Oral Health Examination of villagersBy
Dr Amit Khanal, and
Dr Kakuhiro Fukai

5. Elderly villagers taking height, weight, blood pressure readings and questionnaires

6. Results
Oral hygiene was generally poor among the elderly village resident and periodontal disease was found to be present in all the dentate subjects examined. The prevalence and experience of tooth decay, gingival recession and plaque accumulation was very high in dentate residents. These elderly residents had more retained roots, root caries, missing teeth, mobile teeth, grossly carious teeth that hampered in their nutritional intakes.

7. Number of subjects by sex and age class (Dec 2012)

8. Average number of teeth and number of functional teeth per person by gender / age class
Male　n=131
Female n=226
Average no. of Teeth
No. of Functional Teeth
Number of functional teeth: number of healthy teeth, mild caries (C1, C2) number of teeth, total number of treatment teeth

9. Experienced person with toothache (past year) Percentage
Percentage of people who can not bite well ％ ％
Male
70-79Yrs
>80 Yrs
70-79 Yrs
>80Yrs

10. Subjective number of functional teeth by chewing state
Male
Female

11. Factors related to "Do not bite well" (Multiple logistic regression analysis)

16. Number of village subjects by Sex and Age Class
( 5 years period)

17. 1 person average teeth present (Female) 1 person average teeth present

18. Teeth type per person Average current teeth number (male and female total, all ages)
Healthy Teeth　　　C1,C C3,C4
Maxillary
Teeth
　　　　　　
Mandible
Teeth

19. How do you feel your chewing function?
Male
Female

20. Teeth Brushing Habit
Female
Male

21. Conclusions
The elderly village residents presented a poor overall oral health status and high dental and prosthetic treatment needs. Gender and age were important predicting variables for the oral health outcomes. The main barriers for access to dental services were poor education, low income, and scarcity of oral health services.