1. Head of State and Chief Executive
Chapter 9 : Lesson 2
Head of State and Chief Executive

2. Essential Question
How does the president fulfill the role of Head of State and Chief Executive?

3. Roles of the President Head of State Chief Executive Chief Diplomat
Commander-in-Chief
Chief Legislator
Economic Leader
Party Leader

4. Head of State The president is the living symbol of the U.S.
As head of state, the president is responsible for hosting visiting foreign leaders and carrying out ceremonial functions.

5. Role is symbolic – President represents all Americans - Gives a human face to American govt. - Can be demonstrated in many ways
Greeting heroes

6. - Throwing first pitches at baseball games
- Inviting musicians to perform at White House

7. Attending funeral of another country’s leader.
Spee
Speeches and Ceremonies

8. Chief Executive
As Chief Executive, the president is in charge of 15 cabinet departments and more than 3 million government workers.
The president appoints the heads of cabinet departments and large agencies (Senate must approve)
Ex. Dept. of Defense, State Dept., Dept. of Treasury

9. Executive Order: a rule issued by the president that has the force of law

10. Can be good for the nation—Ex. Order 9981 (1948) desegregates military
The president does not have any legislative powers (can not make laws), but he can issue executive orders—rules or commands that have the force of law.
Can be good for the nation—Ex. Order 9981 (1948) desegregates military
Can be detrimental to the country—Ex. Order 9066 (1942) Japanese American Internment camps
Trump – 23 in 82 days
Obama – 277 in 8 years
George W – 291 – 8 years
Bill C – 364 – 8 years

11. Trump – 9 months
Obama – 8 years
GW Bush 291 – 8 years
Clinton – 8 years
GHW Bush 166 – 4 years
Reagan – 8 years
FDR – 12 years

12. Power of Appointment
The president can appoint federal judges, including Supreme Court justices.
This is important because the way the Supreme Court interprets laws greatly affects life in the U.S.
Most presidents will appoint justices who share views similar to their own
Influence will be felt long after they leave the White House

13. Pardon: a presidential order that releases a person from legal punishment

14. Reprieve: a presidential order that postpones legal punishment

15. Amnesty: a presidential order that pardons a group of people who have committed an offense against the government.

16. Examples of Presidential Amnesties
In 1795 President George Washington issued an amnesty to all participants in the Whiskey Rebellion, which involved a protest by farmers in Pennsylvania against paying federal taxes
The power of amnesty was also used by Presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter for more than 10,000 individuals who had resisted the draft during the Vietnam War.

17. Bill Clinton’s Pardons “Pardongate”
Carlos A. Vignali had his sentence for cocaine trafficking commuted, after serving 6 of 15 years in federal prison.
Roger Clinton, the president's half-brother, on drug charges after having served the entire sentence more than a decade before. Roger Clinton would be charged with drunk driving and disorderly conduct in an unrelated incident within a year of the pardon.
138 more pardons in the last months of office.
Bush did the same thing – 189 total plus 11 commutes.

18. Review Question:
Chapter 9 : Lesson 2
Read pages and answer Review Questions on page 270. Hand in Google Class Room.