1. * * * * * * OTTOMAN EMPIRE - 1451 OTTOMAN EMPIRE - 1481
Belgrade
Constantinople
Athens
Rome
Algiers
Tunis
Tripoli
Cairo
Damascus
Jerusalem
Baghdad
Medina
Mecca
NORTH AFRICA
ARABIA
ASIA MINOR
EUROPE
Vienna
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Caspian Sea
Persian Gulf
Hungary * *
Caucasus Mts
Adriatic Sea
Balkans * * *
Syria
Safavid
Empire
Egypt
OTTOMAN EMPIRE *
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Red Sea
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
OTTOMAN EMPIRE

2. Ottoman origins
Turks from central Asia took over lands controlled by Byzantine and Persian empires
Converted to Islam as contact grew with Muslims
1st leader of Otto. Emp.
Osman I
Extended into Balkans

3. Ottoman Army
Soldiers – janissaries - captured from Christian families (technically they were slaves)
Forced to convert to Islam and trained in arts of warfare
Cannons, other large weapons
Loyal to sultan

4. Important Leaders & Accomplishments
Mehmed II –
changed Constantinople to Istanbul
Captured Syria, Jerusalem, Egypt, Algiers, Mecca and Medina

5. Suleiman I – extended empire to include:
Southern Mediterranean Sea
Eastern Europe - Belgrade
Further into Balkans
Southern Russia
North Africa
Arts, science, math, medicine, libraries, schools

6. How was control maintained in such an expansive empire?

7. Government & Society Run by Sultan
Millets – non-Muslim communities (could elect own representatives
Follow own religions, custom, traditions
Non-Muslims – pay tax to follow own faith/customs
Limits on where they could live, clothing, and jobs
Religious leaders represent millet

8. Ottoman & WWI By start of WWI – TOE was weakening
Leaders could not keep large empire together
Ethnic groups wanted self-rule (not to be ruled by Sultan far away)
European powers grew stronger
TOE joined war w/Germany and Italy = LOST

9. End of the Empire New boundaries were determined by European powers
No concern for ethnic groups/religious groups already there
Nationalism – pride/love for country
Countries are more successful when people there share common culture, history, background

10. Next Up…How was the modern Middle East formed?
Read events A, B, and C
M14 - Complete your organizer for events A, B, and C in note form