1. Exploring and Understanding the Biochemical Diversity of the Human Microbiota 
Nitzan Koppel, Emily P. Balskus 
Cell Chemical Biology 
Volume 23, Issue 1, Pages (January 2016)
DOI: /j.chembiol
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2. Cell Chemical Biology 2016 23, 18-30DOI: (10. 1016/j. chembiol. 2015
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3. Figure 1 Methods for Studying the Human Gut Microbiota
(A) Taxonomic profiling provides information about the identities and abundances of different organisms in communities.
(B) Functional profiling provides information about the total gene content of microbial communities (metagenomics) as well as the abundance of gene transcripts (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics), and metabolites (metabolomics).
(C) Gnotobiotic animal models provide a means of connecting specific organisms and functions to host phenotypes.
Cell Chemical Biology  , 18-30DOI: ( /j.chembiol )
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4. Figure 2
Examples of Characterized Gut Microbial-Host Metabolic Interactions
(A) Gut bacterial metabolites that interact with the host immune system.
(B) Gut bacterial conversion of dietary components and xenobiotics.
(C) Co-metabolic pathway for secondary bile acid synthesis.
Cell Chemical Biology  , 18-30DOI: ( /j.chembiol )
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5. Figure 3
Strategies for Connecting Gut Bacterial Biochemical Functions to Genes
(A) Genome mining identified gut bacterial genes involved in anaerobic choline metabolism (Craciun and Balskus, 2012).
(B) Transcriptional profiling revealed the gut bacterial enzymes that inactivate the cardiac drug digoxin (Haiser et al., 2013).
(C) Functional metagenomics uncovered a gut bacterial enzyme that synthesizes a new immunomodulatory metabolite (Cohen et al., 2015).
Cell Chemical Biology  , 18-30DOI: ( /j.chembiol )
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