1. Pueblo Native Americans
Rohan Krishnan
Anurag James
Gopal Velagala

2. About the Pueblo Native Americans
Most famous for being one of the only Native American societies that were NOT nomadic.
Named after the towns (or "pueblos") that they lived in.
Discovered and named by Spanish explorer Francisco Vasquez de Coronado.
Highly devoted to religion, did not conform to European beliefs.

3. Way of Life Lived in cliff dwellings and on plateaus
They created massive complexes known as great houses ("pueblos") as a type of town to live in
They lived in a typical communal tribal system with a tribe chief

4. Arts and Culture
Known for their beautiful art and use of bold and bright colors in paintings and pottery.
Famous for painting religious figures in ceremonial rooms.
First to use leaves to paint pottery with.
Also made vibrant masks and clothing.

5. Location Lived in what is modern-day New Mexico and Arizona
They lived on high ground on cliffs and mountains (such as the Rockies)

6. The Rise in Population (700-1130 A.D.)
Causes of the rapid increase in Pueblo population:
Skeletal remains prove an increased fertility rate.
Migrations of tribes from surrounding areas mixing with the Pueblo.
Consistent and regular rainfall allows for food surplus.
Overpopulated Pueblo community as a result of increased migration patterns.

7. The Drastic Fall in Population
The Great Drought ( )
Massive crop failure
Rain unpredictable until 1650
Spanish colonization in 1600
Spanish mandate to christianize, Pueblo refuse, war erupts
Continued violence between Spanish and Pueblo
Number of communities dropped from 75 to 25
Epidemic disease and colonial violence

8. Fall of Population Consequences
Warfare between tribes became common, and several tribes resorted to cannibalism because of the strain on the environment
Pueblo communities began to shrink in size and dispersed along the southwest
Severe depopulation of the "pueblos"
Traditional war dance at Santa Clara (a pueblo established by this particular tribe of Indians)

9. Availability of Resources
Before the rise and decline in Pueblo population, there was a food surplus.
This surplus allowed for the population to grow in the first place because it increased the carrying capacity.
As the population grew out of hand, the Pueblo people experiences a famine.

10. Economic Impact Before After Agriculture was the main activity
Basket weaving and crafting pottery were significant
After
Smaller population resulted in fewer workers
Less demand for goods

11. Social Impact Regular and consistent rainfall led to food surplus.
This increase in resources attracted more tribes to the area.
As the populations of each tribe grew, fights broke out over land ownership, eventually leading to battles and wars.

12. Architectural Impact Before After Massive "Pueblo" structures
rooms
Built from stone and adobe
After
Smaller villages were abandoned (famine)
Fewer people resulted in lower quality adobe buildings

13. Overview of Key Points BEFORE AFTER Food surplus Available resources
Slow increase in migration from other groups.
AFTER
Influx of new tribes led to tribal warfare
Famine caused many to leave
Conquistadors

14. Comparison to U.S. Society
The Pueblo population was very different from modern U.S. society:
No form of government dictating land ownership (this caused wars between Indian tribes)
Economy was solely agricultural whereas modern American society practices capitalism
America has a better system of protecting against outside threats (Department of Homeland Security)

15. Works Cited "Pueblo Indians"
"Ancestral Pueblo"
al-Pueblo-culture
"Cliff Dwellers"
dwelling