1. Agenda diēs Mercuriī, a.d. xiii Kal. Oct. A.D. MMXVIII
HW Check: worksheet 4
Do Now #2:
Sect. 01: Identify what person, number, and tense tell you about a verb
Sect : Conjugate occupō, occupāre in the present tense
Review Present Tense Verbs, 1st Conjugation
Accusative of Direct Object
Pensum:
Worksheet 6
Study Vocab. List #2 (quiz Monday)
Latin 1
Mr. Finnigan
Boston Latin School

2. pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātus: to fight
Dictionary Entry
Most verbs have four principal parts
Dictionary entry = principal parts + definition
pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātus: to fight

3. pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātus: to fight
Dictionary Entry
pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātus: to fight
pugnō – 1st Principal Part
1st SG present tense form (“I fight”)

4. pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātus: to fight
Dictionary Entry
pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātus: to fight
2. pugnāre – 2nd Principal Part
Present Infinitive (“to fight”)
Vowel next to ending –re tells you a verbs conjugation [–ā– = 1st conjugation]
Dropping the –re gives you present stem
SECT 01 HERE

5. pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātus: to fight
Dictionary Entry
pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātus: to fight
3-4. pugnāvī, pugnātus– 3rd-4th Principal Parts
don’t worry about these for now
5. to fight – definition/meaning
definition should always be in the infinitive form (to…)

6. Forming the Present Tense
Find the PRESENT STEM
go to the 2nd principal part
drop the –re
Add the PERSONAL ENDINGS
-ō/m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt
exerceāmus:
pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātus: to fight
HERE SECT 02 & 03

7. Translating the Present Tense
Latin does not have special forms for progressive or emphatic verbs
So, present tense verbs can be translated from Latin THREE ways:
am/is/are ___________ing (present progressive)
_____________s (simple present)
does/do _____________ (emphatic present)

8. Translating the Present Tense
E.g.: Pugnāmus.
We fight.
We are fighting.
We do fight.

9. Accusative of Direct Object

10. Accusative of Direct Object
there are many uses of the accusative, but one of the most common is the direct object
DIRECT OBJECT: the receiver of the action of a verb; it receives the action that the subject is doing
Poētās laudāmus.
We praise the poets.
Puella poetam laudat.
The girl is praising the poet.

11. Word Order in Latin Sentences
although Latin word order is variable, its sentences do generally follow a set structure
this structure is S-O-V (subject – object – verb)
e.g. Poēta carmina puellīs pulchrīs scribit.
 “The poet writes poems for pretty girls.”
Notice this is different than English, which generally has S-V-O
Latin can move nouns/adjectives (objects, prep. phrases, etc.) around because it shows their use in a sentence by changing the case endings
unlike English (generally), which depends on the order of words in a sentence for their meaning